Osorio-Vasco Jonathan
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO, Bello, Colombia.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Nov 22;37(11):e00175320. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00175320. eCollection 2021.
This study aimed to describe the scenario of workplace safety and health (WSH) based on the component of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SGSST), the identification and control of occupational hazards, and the Colombian legislation on WSH for micro businesses, focusing on the commercial and services sectors in the Los Naranjos neighborhood in Itagüí, Antioquia, Colombia. The study followed a descriptive design with voluntary participation by 50 micro businesses. A three-phase questionnaire was used: theoretical review, expert validation, and pilot study. The questionnaire included the company's characteristics, components of the SGSST, WSH legislation, and hazard management, which included the identification and control of hazards. 88% of the micro businesses do not assign a specific person to manage the SGSST, and 72% do not permanently enroll their workers in the Comprehensive General Social Security System. Physical and chemical hazards are not identified and controlled consistently in 34% and 38% of the micro businesses, respectively. On average, 93.86% of the micro businesses are not aware of the Colombian legislation on WSH. The WSH scenario in a small sector of commercial and services businesses is not encouraging in terms of the SGSST, hazard management, and adequacy and implementation of Colombian laws on WSH, which are mandatory for workers' care.
本研究旨在基于职业安全与健康管理体系（SGSST）的组成部分、职业危害的识别与控制以及哥伦比亚针对微型企业的职业安全与健康立法，描述工作场所安全与健康（WSH）的情况，重点关注哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚省伊塔圭市洛斯纳兰霍斯街区的商业和服务业。该研究采用描述性设计，有50家微型企业自愿参与。使用了一份分三个阶段的问卷：理论回顾、专家验证和预试验。问卷包括公司特征、SGSST的组成部分、职业安全与健康立法以及危害管理，其中危害管理包括危害的识别与控制。88%的微型企业没有指定专人管理SGSST，72%的企业没有让其员工永久加入综合全民社会保障体系。分别有34%和38%的微型企业未持续识别和控制物理和化学危害。平均而言，93.86%的微型企业不了解哥伦比亚的职业安全与健康立法。就SGSST、危害管理以及哥伦比亚职业安全与健康法律的充分性和实施情况而言，商业和服务业小部门的职业安全与健康状况不容乐观，而这些法律对于保护工人是强制性的。
