Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 20;805:150361. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150361. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
The use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) as fire retardants is an critical point-source for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pollution into the aquatic environment. This study investigated PFASs pollution in the surface waters and biota (shellfish and fish) of Galveston Bay, following AFFFs use to extinguish a petrochemical fire (March 17th to 20th, 2019) of oil storage tanks at the International Terminals Company (ITC) in Deer Park (Houston, TX). The levels of up to twelve EPA priority PFASs were measured in surface waters and biota from March-November 2019. PFASs levels in surface waters showed mean total levels in March and April 2019 to be from 4× to ~300× higher than those measured in the following months. PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) was the most abundant homolog measured at ≥66% of total PFASs. Maximal PFOS levels exceeded the State of Texas' water regulatory limit of 0.6 μg L in 3% of the samples analyzed in March and April 2019. PFOS was also the most prominent homolog (≥66% of total PFASs) measured in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). A statistically significant elevation of PFOS body-burdens was measured in oysters and spotted seatrout in April and May 2019, respectively. A Hazard Ratio calculation for seafood safety suggests an advisory of 1-2 meals per week for gafftopsail catfish and red drum, and 2 meals per week for spotted seatrout to be protective for human exposure to PFOS. The levels in oysters indicated no immediate concerns for the dietary exposure of humans. Our results highlight a need for continual monitoring to assess the long-term fate and seafood advisories for PFASs.
作为阻燃剂的水成膜泡沫（AFFF）的使用是全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）污染水生环境的一个关键点源。本研究调查了 2019 年 3 月 17 日至 20 日国际码头公司（ITC）在休斯顿鹿园（德克萨斯州）扑灭石油储存罐大火（2019 年 3 月 17 日至 20 日）后，加尔维斯顿湾地表水和生物群（贝类和鱼类）中的 PFASs 污染情况。2019 年 3 月至 11 月，在地表水和生物群中测量了多达 12 种 EPA 优先 PFASs 的水平。地表水的 PFASs 水平显示，2019 年 3 月和 4 月的平均总水平比随后几个月的水平高出 4 倍至 300 倍。在测量到的 PFASs 中，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是最丰富的同系物，占 66%以上。2019 年 3 月和 4 月分析的样本中，有 3%的样本中 PFOS 水平超过了德克萨斯州的水质监管限值 0.6μg/L。在东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）、红鼓（Sciaenops ocellatus）、高鳍帆鳍鲈（Bagre marinus）和斑点鲈（Cynoscion nebulosus）中，PFOS 也是最主要的同系物（占总 PFASs 的 66%以上）。2019 年 4 月和 5 月，分别在牡蛎和斑点鲈中测量到 PFOS 体负荷的显著升高。海鲜安全危害比计算表明，对于高鳍帆鳍鲈和红鼓，建议每周食用 1-2 餐，对于斑点鲈，每周食用 2 餐，以保护人类免受 PFOS 的暴露。牡蛎中的水平表明，人类摄入不会立即对饮食暴露产生担忧。我们的研究结果强调需要持续监测，以评估 PFASs 的长期命运和海鲜咨询意见。
