Guo Mengmeng, Zheng Guanchao, Peng Jixing, Meng Di, Wu Haiyan, Tan Zhijun, Li Fengling, Zhai Yuxiu
a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China.
b Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing , China.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(4):271-280. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1559570. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants, which pose a threat to human health primarily by dietary exposure, especially through seafood. Bohai Sea (a semi-closed sea located north of China) is an important shellfish aquaculture area that is possibly highly-polluted with PFASs. In this study, we first evaluated contamination by PFASs in a total of 230 samples of marine shellfish from the Bohai Sea. Samples included five important shellfish species, collected from important aquaculture spots distributed around the Bohai Sea. Samples were analyzed by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, which could simultaneously detect 23 PFASs in shellfish. Our research verified that PFASs have become a threat to the safety of shellfish products in this area. Furthermore, contamination by PFASs in shellfish changed depending on the components of PFASs, the species of shellfish, and the sampling sites. Many of the 23 target compounds contributed to the high detection ratio (>50%) as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) > perfluorononanoic acid > perfluorodecanesulfonic acid > perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Compared with other dominant components, PFOA not only had the highest detection percentage in shellfish samples (98.3%), but its detection level contributed to 87.2% of total PFASs concentrations, indicating that PFOA is the major threat to the safety of shellfish products. The highest level of PFAS was found in clams (62.5 ng g wet weight of PFOA). The concentration of total PFAS in different shellfish species showed the following trend: clams > mussels > scallops > whelks > oysters. The maximum concentration of total PFAS or PFOA was found in Shouguang. The total concentration of PFOS and its precursor were highest in Cangzhou, possibly due to local industrial activities. The results presented in this paper provide new data on the contamination of marine shellfish along the Bohai Sea coasts in China, and constitute a reference for future monitoring of contamination by emerging contaminants in Bohai coast.
全氟烷基物质（PFASs）是新出现的持久性有机污染物，主要通过饮食接触，尤其是通过食用海产品，对人类健康构成威胁。渤海（中国北方的一个半封闭海域）是一个重要的贝类养殖区，可能受到PFASs的高度污染。在本研究中，我们首先评估了来自渤海的总共230个海洋贝类样本中PFASs的污染情况。样本包括从渤海周围重要养殖点采集的五种重要贝类。样本通过超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析，该方法可同时检测贝类中的23种PFASs。我们的研究证实，PFASs已对该地区贝类产品的安全构成威胁。此外，贝类中PFASs的污染情况因PFASs的成分、贝类种类和采样地点而异。23种目标化合物中有许多导致了较高的检出率（>50%），具体如下：全氟辛酸（PFOA）>全氟壬酸>全氟癸烷磺酸>全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）。与其他主要成分相比，PFOA不仅在贝类样本中的检出率最高（98.3%），而且其检测水平占总PFASs浓度的87.2%，表明PFOA是贝类产品安全的主要威胁。在蛤蜊中发现的PFASs含量最高（PFOA湿重为62.5 ng/g）。不同贝类中总PFASs的浓度呈现以下趋势：蛤蜊>贻贝>扇贝>海螺>牡蛎。总PFASs或PFOA的最高浓度出现在寿光。PFOS及其前体的总浓度在沧州最高，这可能是由于当地的工业活动。本文给出的结果提供了关于中国渤海沿岸海洋贝类污染的新数据，并为未来渤海沿岸新出现污染物污染监测提供了参考。
