Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021 Dec 13;7(12):5451-5473. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01138. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
The use of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid has been increasing in recent years, thanks to the identification and validation of new biomarkers and improvements in test accuracy, sensitivity, and precision that enable the development of new noninvasive and cost-effective devices. However, the lack of standardized methods for sample collection, treatment, and storage contribute to the overall variability and lack of reproducibility across analytical evaluations. Furthermore, the instability of salivary biomarkers after sample collection hinders their translation into commercially available technologies for noninvasive monitoring of saliva in home settings. The present review aims to highlight the status of research on the challenges of collecting and using diagnostic salivary samples, emphasizing the methodologies used to preserve relevant proteins, hormones, genomic, and transcriptomic biomarkers during sample handling and analysis.
近年来，由于新的生物标志物的鉴定和验证以及测试准确性、灵敏度和精密度的提高，唾液作为一种诊断生物流体的应用越来越多，这使得新的非侵入性和具有成本效益的设备得以开发。然而，由于缺乏标准化的样本采集、处理和储存方法，导致分析评估的整体变异性和缺乏可重复性。此外，样本采集后唾液生物标志物的不稳定性阻碍了它们转化为可用于家庭环境中唾液无创监测的商业可用技术。本综述旨在强调收集和使用诊断性唾液样本的挑战研究现状，重点介绍了在样本处理和分析过程中保存相关蛋白质、激素、基因组和转录组生物标志物的方法学。
