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再探吸烟者的胡须:与烟草相关的上唇毛发发黄变色

Smoker's Mustache Revisited: Upper Lip Hair Yellow Discoloration Associated With Tobacco.

作者信息

Laborada Jennifer, Cohen Philip R

机构信息

Dermatology, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, USA.

Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.

出版信息

Cureus. 2021 Oct 23;13(10):e18988. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18988. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Yellow hair discoloration (xanthotrichia) has been observed in several settings. Indeed, acquired xanthotrichia, in addition to environmental and occupational causes, can be observed secondary to either iatrogenic, topical, or systemic exposure to systemic drugs and certain systemic conditions: most commonly essential fatty acid deficiencies, protein deficiency, or vitamin B12 deficiency. Smoker's mustache refers to the acquired yellow discoloration of previously white hair on the cutaneous upper lip of men. These individuals are typically elderly and have a history of smoking either cigarettes, cigars, or pipes of several years' duration. The asymptomatic dyschromia often originates centrally, affecting the hair overlying the philtrum and expanding laterally. The condition is asymptomatic, and affected individuals are either unaware of the color change or not concerned with their altered appearance. Yellow to brown discoloration of the thumbnails, fingernails, or both (such as nicotine sign and/or harlequin nails) may be an accompanying clinical stigma to the smoker's mustache and a clue to the diagnosis. Management options include smoking cessation or hair removal of the discolored hair, or both; however, patients usually elect to continue smoking, maintain their facial hair, and continue to display their distinctive yellow smoker's mustache.

摘要

在多种情况下都观察到了头发变黄(黄发症)。事实上,除了环境和职业原因外,后天性黄发症还可能继发于医源性、局部或全身性接触全身性药物以及某些全身性疾病:最常见的是必需脂肪酸缺乏、蛋白质缺乏或维生素B12缺乏。吸烟者的胡须是指男性上唇皮肤上原本白色的毛发出现后天性变黄。这些人通常为老年人,有吸烟史,吸烟时间长达数年,烟型包括香烟、雪茄或烟斗。这种无症状的色素沉着异常通常从中央开始,影响人中上方的毛发,并向两侧扩展。该病无症状,受影响的个体要么没有意识到颜色变化,要么不关心自己外观的改变。拇指指甲、指甲或两者均出现黄棕色变色(如尼古丁征和/或丑角甲)可能是吸烟者胡须的伴随临床特征,也是诊断的线索。治疗选择包括戒烟或去除变色的毛发,或两者兼而有之;然而,患者通常选择继续吸烟、保留面部毛发,并继续展现其独特的黄色吸烟者胡须。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/85d1/8607340/399634da1327/cureus-0013-00000018988-i01.jpg

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