Botanical Oils Isolated from and Cultivated in Northern Egypt: Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against (L.) and (Herbst).

The rice weevil, (L.), and the red flour beetle, (Herbst), are key stored-product pests in Egypt and worldwide. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides has led to adverse effects on the environment, human health, and pest resistance. As a result, environmentally friendly pest management alternatives are desperately required. The botanical oils of jojoba, (L.) and rosemary, L. plants growing in Egypt were extracted, identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and evaluated for their insecticidal activity against and . The main constituents identified in BOs were carvyl acetate (20.73%) and retinol (16.75%) for and camphor (15.57%), coumarin (15.19%), verbenone (14.82%), and 1,8-cineole (6.76%) for The and BOs caused significant contact toxicities against and adults, providing LC values of 24.37, 68.47, and 11.58, 141.8 ppm at 3 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. oil exhibited significant fumigation toxicity against both insects; however, it was more effective against (LC = 29.52 ppm/L air) than against (LC = 113.47 ppm/L air) at 3 DAT. Although the essential oil (EO) of significantly showed fumigation toxicity for (LC = 256.1 and 0.028 ppm/L air at 1 and 3 DAT, respectively) it was not effective against . These BOs could be beneficial for establishing IPM programs for suppressing and .