Abebe Yonas, Ali Ahmed, Kumie Abera, Haile Tewodros, Tamire Mulugeta, Addissie Adamu
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Asthma Res Pract. 2021 Nov 25;7(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s40733-021-00080-2.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness. Studies suggest that household fuel exposure and housing characteristics are associated with air way related allergy. But there remains to be a considerable uncertainty about whether that reflects an association with asthma. This study endeavored to bridge the gap by identifying factors associated with asthma, with special reference to household fuel exposure and housing characteristics in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
We conducted a hospital-based matched case-control study. A total of 483 study participants were selected from two Ethiopian referral hospitals using a sequential sampling technique, with 161 cases and 322 controls. Standard questionnaire from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II) and the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD-78) were used to collect household related data. Conditional logistic regression model was applied to identify the determinants of asthma. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify predictors of asthma.
The response rate for both cases and controls was 99.17%. The odds of developing asthma was about four times higher among those who used agricultural residues for cooking (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.05, 13.79)., about five times higher among those who used wood for cooking (AOR: 4.95, 95% CI: 2.1, 11.69), nearly five times higher among those who had family history of asthma (AOR: 4.72, 95% CI: 1.54, 14.45), just over six times higher among those who smoke tobacco (AOR: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.31, 29.09) and over ten times higher among those who do not practice door opening, while cooking (AOR: 10.25, 95% CI: 3.97, 26.49).
Family history of asthma, tobacco smoking, use of solid fuels including, woods and agricultural residues were associated with development of asthma. To reduce the risk of asthma, people should practice door opening, while cooking, and must avoid using wood and agricultural residues for cooking and should also refrain from tobacco smoking.
哮喘是一种以气道阻塞和高反应性为特征的慢性炎症性疾病。研究表明，家庭燃料暴露和住房特征与气道相关过敏有关。但对于这是否反映了与哮喘的关联仍存在相当大的不确定性。本研究旨在通过确定与哮喘相关的因素来弥合这一差距，特别参考埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴选定公立医院中的家庭燃料暴露和住房特征。
我们进行了一项基于医院的匹配病例对照研究。使用序贯抽样技术从两家埃塞俄比亚转诊医院共选取了483名研究参与者，其中161例为病例，322例为对照。采用欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查II（ECRHS II）和美国胸科学会肺病分会（ATS-DLD-78）的标准问卷收集家庭相关数据。应用条件逻辑回归模型确定哮喘的决定因素。使用粗比值比和调整后的比值比以及95%置信区间（CI）来确定哮喘的预测因素。
病例组和对照组的应答率均为99.17%。使用农业残留物做饭的人患哮喘的几率高出约四倍（调整后比值比：3.81，95%CI：1.05，13.79）；使用木材做饭的人高出约五倍（调整后比值比：4.95，95%CI：2.1，11.69）；有哮喘家族史的人高出近五倍（调整后比值比：4.72，95%CI：1.54，14.45）；吸烟的人高出略超过六倍（调整后比值比：6.16，95%CI：1.31，29.09）；做饭时不打开门的人高出十倍以上（调整后比值比：10.25，95%CI：3.97，26.49）。
哮喘家族史、吸烟、使用包括木材和农业残留物在内的固体燃料与哮喘的发生有关。为降低哮喘风险，人们在做饭时应打开门，必须避免使用木材和农业残留物做饭，还应戒烟。
