Nelson Leah F, Weitzman Elissa R, Levy Sharon
Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2022 Jan;106(1):153-168. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.005.
Methods to prevent substance use disorders (SUDs) act on the individual risk factors for addiction. Most adults with SUD initiated substance use during their teenage years, so preventive interventions during adolescence are critical. Antisubstance use messaging, routine screening, and pathways for referral to treatment can be extended into all settings whereby trusted adults interact with adolescents such as sports, mentoring programs, child protective services, and juvenile justice settings. Pediatric primary care is an ideal place to incorporate preventive counseling and screening for substance use. Evidence-based technologic interventions for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are needed.
预防物质使用障碍(SUDs)的方法作用于成瘾的个体风险因素。大多数患有物质使用障碍的成年人在青少年时期就开始使用物质,因此青春期的预防性干预至关重要。抵制物质使用的信息传递、常规筛查以及转介治疗的途径可以扩展到所有受信任的成年人与青少年互动的场所,如体育、辅导项目、儿童保护服务和青少年司法场所。儿科初级保健是纳入物质使用预防性咨询和筛查的理想场所。需要基于证据的技术干预措施用于一级、二级和三级预防。