National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401, CO, USA.
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 25;11(1):22939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02089-2.
Long-term weather and climate observatories can be affected by the changing environments in their vicinity, such as the growth of urban areas or changing vegetation. Wind plants can also impact local atmospheric conditions through their wakes, characterized by reduced wind speed and increased turbulence. We explore the extent to which the wind plants near an atmospheric measurement site in the central United States have affected their long-term measurements. Both direct observations and mesoscale numerical weather prediction simulations demonstrate how the wind plants induce a wind deficit aloft, especially in stable conditions, and a wind speed acceleration near the surface, which extend [Formula: see text] km downwind of the wind plant. Turbulence kinetic energy is significantly enhanced within the wind plant wake in stable conditions, with near-surface observations seeing an increase of more than 30% a few kilometers downwind of the plants.
长期的天气和气候观测站可能会受到附近环境变化的影响，例如城市面积的增长或植被的变化。风力发电场也可以通过尾流影响当地的大气条件，尾流的特征是风速降低和湍流增加。我们探讨了美国中部一个大气测量站点附近的风力发电场对其长期测量的影响程度。直接观测和中尺度数值天气预报模拟都表明，风力发电场如何在上空产生风亏缺，特别是在稳定条件下，以及在地表附近产生风速加速，这种加速效应向下延伸到风力发电场下风[Formula: see text]公里处。在稳定条件下，风力发电场尾流中的湍流动能显著增强，在离风力发电场几公里远的地方，近地面观测到的湍流动能增加了 30%以上。
