Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 25;11(1):22902. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02423-8.
Surveillance of notified Campylobacter enteritis in Germany revealed a recurrent annual increase of cases with disease onset several days after the Christmas and New Year holidays ("winter peak"). We suspected that handling and consumption of chicken meat during fondue and raclette grill meals on the holidays were associated with winter peak Campylobacter infections. The hypothesis was investigated in a case-control study with a case-case design where notified Campylobacter enteritis cases served as case-patients as well as control-patients, depending on their date of disease onset (case-patients: 25/12/2018 to 08/01/2019; control-patients: any other date between 30/11/2018 and 28/02/2019). The study was conducted as an online survey from 21/01/2019 to 18/03/2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were determined in single-variable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age group and sex. We analysed 182 data sets from case-patients and 260 from control-patients and found associations of Campylobacter infections after the holidays with meat fondue (aOR 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.8) and raclette grill meals with meat (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.4) consumed on the holidays. The associations were stronger when chicken meat was served at these meals (fondue with chicken meat: aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5; raclette grill meal with chicken meat: aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.1). The results confirmed our initial hypothesis. To prevent Campylobacter winter peak cases in the future, consumers should be made more aware of the risks of a Campylobacter infection when handling raw meat, in particular chicken, during fondue or raclette grill meals on the holidays.
德国对上报的弯曲菌肠炎病例进行监测，结果显示该病的发病有一个反复出现的年度上升趋势，且发病时间都在圣诞节和新年假期之后（“冬季高峰”）。我们怀疑在节日期间吃火锅和奶酪烤肉时处理和食用鸡肉与冬季高峰弯曲菌感染有关。采用病例对照研究方法，对该假设进行了调查，该方法采用病例-病例设计，即根据发病日期将上报的弯曲菌肠炎病例作为病例患者和对照患者（病例患者：2018 年 12 月 25 日至 2019 年 1 月 8 日；对照患者：2018 年 11 月 30 日至 2 月 28 日之间的其他任何日期）。该研究于 2019 年 1 月 21 日至 2019 年 3 月 18 日期间作为在线调查进行。采用单变量逻辑回归分析，根据年龄组和性别调整比值比（aOR）。我们分析了 182 例病例患者和 260 例对照患者的数据，发现假期后弯曲菌感染与节日期间食用的火锅用肉（aOR 2.2；95%置信区间（CI）1.2-3.8）和奶酪烤肉用肉（aOR 1.5；95%CI 1.0-2.4）有关。当这些餐食中提供鸡肉时，关联更为强烈（火锅用鸡肉：aOR 2.7；95%CI 1.4-5.5；奶酪烤肉用鸡肉：aOR 2.3；95%CI 1.3-4.1）。结果证实了我们最初的假设。为了防止未来出现弯曲菌冬季高峰病例，在节日期间吃火锅或奶酪烤肉时，应使消费者更加注意处理生肉（尤其是鸡肉）时感染弯曲菌的风险。
