Department of clinical Science, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Sep 1;76(3):487-498. doi: 10.22092/ari.2020.341897.1441. eCollection 2021 Summer.
After the emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) subtypes H5N6 in 2013 and H5N8 in 2014, a surveillance study using molecular epidemiology approaches was carried out during 2014 - 2019 in Iran to discover any potential introduction or outbreak of HPAIV in wild bird populations. All sick and dead wild birds found in nature, or in cases of an outbreak, a collection of representative samples was tested using the specific molecular methods for HPAIV H5 subtypes. Additionally, wild bird species in wetlands, several zoos, zoological gardens, or rehabilitation centers were tested for HPAIV. During the active surveillance plan, several individual and outbreak cases of HPAIV and orthoavulaviruses were identified. In general, more than 900 fecal materials, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs, and/or tissue samples were collected from apparently healthy live birds representing several different species and families. In addition, tissue and swab samples were collected and investigated from any reported wild birds' mortality cases in different parts of Iran in the framework of this study. No positive bird was found among apparently healthy live birds; however, the highly pathogenic influenza viruses of H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8 were found in individual dead birds or mass die-off cases.
自 2013 年高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）亚型 H5N6 和 2014 年 H5N8 的出现以来，伊朗在 2014 年至 2019 年期间开展了一项使用分子流行病学方法的监测研究，以发现野生鸟类群体中任何潜在的 HPAIV 引入或暴发情况。在自然界中发现的所有患病和死亡的野生鸟类，或在暴发情况下，均使用针对 HPAIV H5 亚型的特定分子方法对具有代表性的样本进行了检测。此外，还对湿地、几家动物园、动植物园或康复中心的野生鸟类物种进行了 HPAIV 检测。在主动监测计划中，鉴定出了几起 HPAIV 和正粘病毒的个体和暴发病例。一般来说，从代表多个不同物种和科的明显健康活鸟中收集了超过 900 份粪便材料、泄殖腔和口咽拭子和/或组织样本。此外，在本研究框架内，还从伊朗不同地区报告的野生鸟类死亡病例中收集和调查了组织和拭子样本。在明显健康的活鸟中未发现阳性鸟；然而，在个别死亡鸟类或大量死亡病例中发现了 H5N1、H5N2、H5N6 和 H5N8 的高致病性流感病毒。
