School of Engineering, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2022 Jan;299:102563. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102563. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Pluronic (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers can form nano-sized micelles with a structure composed of a hydrophobic PPO core and hydrophilic PEO shell layer. Pluronics are U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved polymers, which are widely used for solubilization of drugs and their delivery, gene/therapeutic delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering applications due to their non-ionic properties, non-toxicity, micelle forming ability, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Although Pluronics have been employed as drug carrier systems for several decades, numerous issues such as rapid dissolution, shorter residence time in biological media, fast clearance and weak mechanical strength have hindered their efficacy. Pluronics have been functionalized with pH-sensitive, biological-responsive moieties, antibodies, aptamers, folic acid, drugs, different nanoparticles, and photo/thermo-responsive hydrogels. These functionalization strategies enable Pluronics to act as stimuli responsive and targeted drug delivery vehicles. Moreover, Pluronics have emerged in nano-emulsion formulations and have been utilized to improve the properties of cubosomes, dendrimers and nano-sheets, including their biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. Functionalization of Pluronics results in the significant improvement of target specificity, loading capacity, biocompatibility of nanoparticles and stimuli responsive hydrogels for the promising delivery of a range of drugs. Therefore, this review presents an overview of all advancements (from the last 15 years) in functionalized Pluronics, providing a valuable tool for industry and academia in order to optimize their use in drug or therapeutic delivery, in addition to several other biomedical applications.
Pluronic（PEO-PPO-PEO）嵌段共聚物可以形成纳米级胶束，其结构由疏水性 PPO 核和亲水 PEO 壳层组成。Pluronics 是美国食品和药物管理局批准的聚合物，由于其非离子特性、无毒性、胶束形成能力、优异的生物相容性和可生物降解性，被广泛用于药物增溶及其递送、基因/治疗剂递送、诊断和组织工程应用。尽管 Pluronics 作为药物载体系统已经使用了几十年，但由于其快速溶解、在生物介质中停留时间较短、快速清除和机械强度弱等问题，限制了其疗效。Pluronics 已通过 pH 敏感、生物响应部分、抗体、适体、叶酸、药物、不同的纳米粒子和光/热响应水凝胶进行功能化。这些功能化策略使 Pluronics 能够作为刺激响应和靶向药物输送载体。此外，Pluronics 已出现在纳米乳液制剂中，并已被用于改善立方脂质体、树枝状大分子和纳米片的性质，包括其生物相容性和水溶性。Pluronics 的功能化导致靶向特异性、载药量、纳米粒子和刺激响应水凝胶的生物相容性显著提高，为一系列药物的有前途的输送提供了条件。因此，本综述概述了所有（过去 15 年）功能化 Pluronics 的进展，为工业和学术界提供了有价值的工具，以优化其在药物或治疗剂递送中的应用，以及其他几种生物医学应用。
