Mrozińska Natalia, Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna, Obolewski Krystian
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Kazimierz Wielki, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Water Resources and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Oct 23;11(11):3039. doi: 10.3390/ani11113039.
Benthic communities were studied in nine Polish coastal lakes of the Baltic Sea; representing three levels of hydrological connection with the sea (isolated, periodically connected, and permanently connected), with resultant differences in salinity (freshwater, transitional, and brackish). The lakes classified in this way allowed us to investigate biodiversity in relation to the degree of environmental pressure. Stress intensity in coastal water bodies, resulting from contrasting marine and terrestrial influences, varied from mild to severe. Spatial variation in environmental predictors affected species richness more strongly than seasonal fluctuations. The broader the spatial salinity gradient, the smaller the species number recorded. Differences in the intensity of natural instability only slightly affected species number and α-diversity. In Baltic coastal lakes, characterized by low salinity (max. 7.5 PSU), benthic faunal communities were dominated by large populations of opportunistic species. This applied primarily to closed systems and those periodically influenced by seawater intrusion. The marine component of fauna played a more important role in increasing the diversity of benthos in permanently open water bodies (brackish). The highest density of benthic fauna was recorded in them, whereas low values were associated with the strongest instability, observed in lakes periodically linked with the sea (transitional).
对波罗的海波兰沿海的九个湖泊中的底栖生物群落进行了研究；这些湖泊代表了与海洋的三种水文联系程度（孤立的、周期性连通的和永久性连通的），盐度也因此存在差异（淡水、过渡性和微咸水）。以这种方式分类的湖泊使我们能够研究生物多样性与环境压力程度之间的关系。由于海洋和陆地影响的差异，沿海水体的压力强度从轻度到重度不等。环境预测因子的空间变化对物种丰富度的影响比季节波动更强。空间盐度梯度越宽，记录到的物种数量越少。自然不稳定强度的差异仅对物种数量和α多样性有轻微影响。在盐度较低（最高7.5 PSU）的波罗的海沿岸湖泊中，底栖动物群落以大量机会主义物种为主。这主要适用于封闭系统以及那些定期受海水入侵影响的系统。动物区系的海洋成分在增加永久性开放水体（微咸水）中底栖生物多样性方面发挥了更重要的作用。在这些水体中记录到了最高密度的底栖动物，而在与海洋周期性相连的湖泊（过渡性）中观察到，最低值与最强的不稳定性相关。
