Mohd Azmi Amirul Faiz, Mat Amin Fhaisol, Ahmad Hafandi, Mohd Nor Norhariani, Meng Goh Yong, Zamri Saad Mohd, Abu Bakar Md Zuki, Abdullah Punimin, Irawan Agung, Jayanegara Anuraga, Abu Hassim Hasliza
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Oct 24;11(11):3042. doi: 10.3390/ani11113042.
The deposition and distribution of buffalo body fats play a vital role in the quality of the buffalo carcass and are of great commercial value, since the carcass quality influences the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effect a mixture of 4% bypass fat and 26% concentrate supplementations in buffalo basal diet had on both the carcass characteristics and the proximate and fatty acid composition in (LTL), (SS) and (ST) muscles of Murrah cross and swamp buffaloes. In addition, profit and loss analyses were performed to determine the profitability. This study employed a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets, two breeds and four replicates per treatment. A total of sixteen buffaloes (eight buffaloes per breed, bodyweight 98.64 ± 1.93 kg) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups. The first group was given Diet A, which consisted of 70% + 30% concentrate, whereas the second group was given Diet B, which consisted of 70% + 26% concentrate + 4% bypass fat. The buffaloes were fed for 730 days before slaughter. The results showed that supplemented bypass fat significantly ( < 0.05) increased the pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, meat:fat ratio, pH at 24 h, moisture and crude protein of LTL, ST and SS, the ether extract of LTL and ST and the meat fatty acid of C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, PUFA n-6/n-3 and total MUFA. The carcass yield and carcass fat percentages, the ash content in ST, the EE in the SS muscle and the meat fatty acid of C18:3, total PUFA n-3, UFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA were significantly ( < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, Murrah cross showed a significantly ( < 0.05) higher pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, carcass bone percentage and total fatty acid, but a lower ( < 0.05) meat:bone ratio, ash of LTL and CP of LTL and ST when compared to swamp buffaloes. No significant changes were found in the proximate composition of different types of muscle, but the ST muscle revealed significantly high C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1, and the SS muscle had high C18:2 and total fatty acid ( < 0.05). Supplementing using bypass fat increased the cost of buffalo feeding but resulted in a higher revenue and net profit. In conclusion, the concentrate and bypass fat supplementations in the buffalo diet could alter the nutrient compositions of buffalo meat without a detrimental effect on carcass characteristics, leading to a higher profit.
水牛体脂肪的沉积和分布对水牛肉胴体品质起着至关重要的作用，且具有很高的商业价值，因为胴体品质会影响反刍动物肉类的盈利能力和消费者接受度。本研究考察了在水牛基础日粮中添加4%过瘤胃脂肪和26%精料补充料的混合物对穆拉杂交水牛和沼泽水牛的胴体特性、腰大肌（LTL）、半腱肌（SS）和股二头肌（ST）肌肉的近似成分及脂肪酸组成的影响。此外，还进行了盈亏分析以确定盈利能力。本研究采用完全随机的2×2析因设计，有两种日粮、两个品种，每个处理重复四次。总共16头水牛（每个品种8头，体重98.64±1.93千克）被随机分为两个日粮组。第一组给予日粮A，由70%粗饲料+30%精料组成，而第二组给予日粮B，由70%粗饲料+26%精料+4%过瘤胃脂肪组成。水牛在屠宰前饲养730天。结果表明，添加过瘤胃脂肪显著（P<0.05）提高了屠宰前体重、热胴体和冷胴体重量、肉脂比、24小时pH值、LTL、ST和SS的水分和粗蛋白、LTL和ST的醚提取物以及C16:0、C16:1、C18:1、多不饱和脂肪酸n-6/n-3和总单不饱和脂肪酸的肉脂肪酸含量。胴体产量和胴体脂肪百分比、ST中的灰分含量、SS肌肉中的醚提取物以及C18:3的肉脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸n-3、不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸显著（P<0.05）降低。此外，与沼泽水牛相比，穆拉杂交水牛的屠宰前体重、热胴体和冷胴体重量、胴体骨百分比和总脂肪酸显著（P<0.05）更高，但肉骨比、LTL的灰分以及LTL和ST的粗蛋白较低（P<0.05）。不同类型肌肉的近似成分没有显著变化，但ST肌肉中C14:0、C16:0和C18:1含量显著较高，SS肌肉中C18:2和总脂肪酸含量较高（P<0.05）。使用过瘤胃脂肪补充增加了水牛饲养成本，但带来了更高的收入和净利润。总之，在水牛日粮中添加精料和过瘤胃脂肪可以改变水牛肉的营养成分，而不会对胴体特性产生不利影响，从而带来更高的利润。
