Mohd Azmi Amirul Faiz, Abu Hassim Hasliza, Mohd Nor Norhariani, Ahmad Hafandi, Meng Goh Yong, Abdullah Punimin, Abu Bakar Md Zuki, Vera Jaizurah, Mohd Deli Nurain Syahida, Salleh Annas, Zamri-Saad Mohd
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 30;11(4):957. doi: 10.3390/ani11040957.
This study was conducted to compare the growth and economic performances between Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes. The records of 108 Swamp and 276 Murrah crossbred buffaloes born between January 2010 and December 2015 were used in this study. The farm was practicing an extensive grazing system without supplementation from January 2010 to December 2011 (pre-intervention) and a new implementation of supplement in the feeding regime from January 2012 to December 2015 (post-intervention). The birth, weaning, and body weight at three monthly intervals, number of calves born, and mortality rate of calves at different years and during pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. The interventions in 2012 had a positive effect on increasing the number of calves born for both breeds, average birth weight, economic performance, and reduce mortality calf rate. As a result, the birth weight of Murrah crossbred buffaloes was higher (36.63 ± 0.50 kg) than Swamp buffaloes (34.69 ± 0.40 kg) ( < 0.05). The average pre-weaning daily weight gain for Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes was 0.73 and 0.98 kg/day ( < 0.05), while the average post-weaning daily weight gain was 0.39 and 0.44 kg/day, respectively ( < 0.05). The Swamp and Murrah crossbred buffaloes achieved the targeted market weight of 250 kg at 18 and 15 months old, respectively, while the targeted breeding weight of 385 kg was achieved at 30 and 26 months old, respectively. In this farm, on average a total of 64 calves were born yearly, with the ratio number of born calves per number of mated dams recorded higher in Murrah crossbred buffaloes as compared to Swamp buffalo (0.64 vs. 0.37) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the average number of calves born in the post-intervention period (January 2012-December 2015) was significantly higher than in the pre-intervention period (January 2010-December 2011), respectively (Swamp: 23 vs. 8 and Murrah crossbred: 53 vs. 31, respectively) ( < 0.05). Partial budget method was used to estimate the net gain or loss between the two breeds. The average annual revenue was 2304.14 MYR (566.13 USD) for Swamp buffaloes and 4531.50 MYR (1113.39 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. The average annual cost saving was 340.02 MYR (83.54 USD) for Swamp and 215.75 MYR (53.01 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. On the other hand, annual added cost was 84.95 MYR (20.87 USD) for Swamp and 96.76 MYR (23.77 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. Therefore, the annual net benefit was 2559.21 MYR (628.80 USD) for Swamp and 4650.49 MYR (1142.63 USD) for Murrah crossbred buffaloes. As a conclusion, this study had shown that the higher average daily weight gain contributes to better cost savings, as shown by the crossbred buffaloes.
本研究旨在比较沼泽水牛与摩拉杂交水牛的生长性能和经济表现。本研究使用了2010年1月至2015年12月出生的108头沼泽水牛和276头摩拉杂交水牛的记录。该农场在2010年1月至2011年12月（干预前）实行粗放式放牧系统且不进行补饲，从2012年1月至2015年12月（干预后）在饲养方式中新增了补饲。使用一般线性模型程序分析了不同年份以及干预前后不同时期的出生、断奶和每隔三个月的体重、出生犊牛数量以及犊牛死亡率。2012年的干预措施对增加两个品种的出生犊牛数量、平均出生体重、经济表现以及降低犊牛死亡率均产生了积极影响。结果，摩拉杂交水牛的出生体重（36.63±0.50千克）高于沼泽水牛（34.69±0.40千克）（P<0.05）。沼泽水牛和摩拉杂交水牛断奶前的平均日增重分别为0.73和0.98千克/天（P<0.05），而断奶后的平均日增重分别为0.39和0.44千克/天（P<0.05）。沼泽水牛和摩拉杂交水牛分别在18个月和15个月大时达到了250千克的目标市场体重，而在30个月和26个月大时分别达到了385千克的目标繁殖体重。在该农场，平均每年共出生64头犊牛，摩拉杂交水牛的产犊数与配种母畜数的比率高于沼泽水牛（0.64对0.37）（P<0.05）。此外，干预后期（2012年1月至2015年12月）的平均出生犊牛数量显著高于干预前期（2010年1月至2011年12月）（沼泽水牛：分别为23头对8头，摩拉杂交水牛：分别为53头对31头）（P<0.05）。采用部分预算法估算两个品种之间的净收益或损失。沼泽水牛的年平均收入为2304.14马来西亚林吉特（566.13美元），摩拉杂交水牛为4531.50马来西亚林吉特（1113.39美元）。沼泽水牛的年平均成本节省为340.02马来西亚林吉特（83.54美元），摩拉杂交水牛为215.75马来西亚林吉特（53.01美元）。另一方面，沼泽水牛的年新增成本为84.95马来西亚林吉特（20.87美元），摩拉杂交水牛为96.76马来西亚林吉特（23.77美元）。因此，沼泽水牛的年净利润为2559.21马来西亚林吉特（628.80美元），摩拉杂交水牛为4650.49马来西亚林吉特（1142.63美元）。总之，本研究表明，如杂交水牛所示，较高的平均日增重有助于更好地节省成本。
