Nevrkla Pavel, Lujka Jan, Kopec Tomáš, Horký Pavel, Filipčík Radek, Hadaš Zdeněk, Střechová Vendula
Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 17;11(11):3287. doi: 10.3390/ani11113287.
This study analysed the effect of sow parity (P), terminal boars (TB), and their combination on reproductive parameters of sows, losses of piglets, and their individual live-weight (LW) and average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning. A total of 120 sows of Large White × Landrace hybrid combination from the first to the fourth parity (30 sows per parity) were included in the observation. The sows were inseminated by terminal boars of Pietrain (Pn), Large White (LW), and Duroc (D) breeds and Duroc × Large White (D × LW), Large White × Pietrain (LW × Pn), and Duroc × Pietrain (D × Pn) hybrid combinations (20 sows per terminal boar population). The results proved a significant effect of P on the total numbers of piglets (TN), the numbers of stillborn piglets (SB), and the pre-weaning losses of piglets (L) ( ≤ 0.01) with the lowest losses found in the third parity sows. A significant effect of TB was confirmed for TN, the numbers of live-born piglets (LB), SB, the numbers of mummified piglets (M) and non-viable piglets (N), and (L) ( ≤ 0.01). The sows inseminated by D and LW boars showed the lowest total numbers of piglets but also the highest survivability of piglets until weaning. Significant effects of interaction between P and TB were observed for the TN, SB, N, and L ( ≤ 0.05). Evaluation of growth parameters in piglets ( = 1547) showed that P significantly influenced LW in the first three weeks of life ( ≤ 0.01) and ADG from birth to Day 7 and from Day 15 to Day 21 ( ≤ 0.01). Additionally, a significant effect ( ≤ 0.01) of TB was proven on individual weight and ADG in all the observed time intervals, with the highest growth found in the piglets of the D and LW boars. Significant interactions ( ≤ 0.01) between P and TB were found for LW and ADG in all the time intervals.
本研究分析了母猪胎次（P）、终端公猪（TB）及其组合对母猪繁殖参数、仔猪损失以及仔猪从出生到断奶的个体体重（LW）和平均日增重（ADG）的影响。观察对象包括120头大白×长白杂交组合的母猪，涵盖第一至第四胎次（每胎次30头母猪）。这些母猪分别由皮特兰（Pn）、大白（LW）和杜洛克（D）品种的终端公猪以及杜洛克×大白（D×LW）、大白×皮特兰（LW×Pn）和杜洛克×皮特兰（D×Pn）杂交组合的终端公猪进行人工授精（每个终端公猪群体20头母猪）。结果表明，胎次对仔猪总数（TN）、死产仔猪数（SB）和断奶前仔猪损失（L）有显著影响（P≤0.01），第三胎次母猪的损失最低。终端公猪对TN、活产仔猪数（LB）、SB、木乃伊化仔猪数（M）、非存活仔猪数（N）和（L）有显著影响（P≤0.01）。由杜洛克和大白公猪授精的母猪仔猪总数最低，但仔猪断奶前的存活率最高。胎次和终端公猪之间的交互作用对TN、SB、N和L有显著影响（P≤0.05）。对1547头仔猪生长参数的评估表明，胎次在仔猪出生后的前三周对LW有显著影响（P≤0.01），对出生至第7天以及第15天至第21天的ADG有显著影响（P≤0.01）。此外，终端公猪在所有观察时间段对个体体重和ADG均有显著影响（P≤0.01），杜洛克和大白公猪的仔猪生长最快。在所有时间段，胎次和终端公猪之间在LW和ADG方面均存在显著交互作用（P≤0.01）。
