Šumonja Sanja, Jevtić Marija
College for Vocational Studies in Subotica, 24000 Subotica, Serbia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Children (Basel). 2021 Oct 21;8(11):947. doi: 10.3390/children8110947.
The trends in the state of nutrition and physical activity of school-age children in Serbia impose a need to create and evaluate programs to improve their nutrition and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the cross-curricular nutrition and physical activity education program (NPAEP) on food intake, physical activity, and body mass index in first-fourth-grade primary school children.
The study used an experimental pre-test (t1) post-test (t2) design. The sample included 167 participants in t1 and 178 in t2. The differences in food intake, physical activity, and body mass index before and after implementation of the cross-curricular nutrition and physical activity education program were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-squared test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Fruit (t1 = 0.70 ± 0.55; t2 = 1.26 ± 0.65; < 0.001) and dairy intake (t1 = 1.52; t2 = 1.79; = 0.005) significantly increased in the intervention group. A significant reduction in time spent watching television (t1 = 78.0; t2 = 56.7; = 0.005) and playing on the computer (t1 = 32.3; t2 = 25.8; = 0.047) was achieved in the intervention group. Time spent in organized sports activities significantly increased only in the intervention group (t1 = 21.9; t2 = 30.5; = 0.046). Body mass index did not change significantly in the intervention group after the implementation of the NPAEP.
The nutrition and physical activity education program contributed to an increase in fruit and dairy intake and time spent in intense physical activities and a reduction in screen time. The presented results justify the application of the NPAEP in improving the nutrition and physical activity of first-fourth-grade primary school children.
塞尔维亚学龄儿童的营养状况和身体活动趋势表明，有必要制定和评估旨在改善他们营养和身体活动的项目。本研究的目的是评估跨课程营养与身体活动教育项目（NPAEP）对小学一至四年级儿童食物摄入量、身体活动和体重指数的影响。
本研究采用实验前测（t1）后测（t2）设计。t1组有167名参与者，t2组有178名。采用曼-惠特尼U检验、卡方检验和威尔科克森符号秩检验分析跨课程营养与身体活动教育项目实施前后食物摄入量、身体活动和体重指数的差异。P<0.05的值被认为具有统计学意义。
干预组的水果摄入量（t1 = 0.70±0.55；t2 = 1.26±0.65；P<0.001）和乳制品摄入量（t1 = 1.52；t2 = 1.79；P = 0.005）显著增加。干预组看电视时间（t1 = 78.0；t2 = 56.7；P = 0.005）和玩电脑时间（t1 = 32.3；t2 = 25.8；P = 0.047）显著减少。仅干预组参加有组织体育活动的时间显著增加（t1 = 21.9；t2 = 30.5；P = 0.046）。实施NPAEP后，干预组的体重指数没有显著变化。
营养与身体活动教育项目有助于增加水果和乳制品摄入量以及进行高强度体育活动的时间，并减少屏幕时间。研究结果证明了NPAEP在改善小学一至四年级儿童营养和身体活动方面的应用价值。
