Cabello Juan Ramón, Serrano Salud, Rodríguez Inmaculada, García-Valcárcel Ana Isabel, Hernando María Dolores, Flores José Manuel
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Foods. 2021 Oct 27;10(11):2593. doi: 10.3390/foods10112593.
The bee pollen is a complete and healthy food with important nutritional properties. Usually, bee pollen is consumed dehydrated, but it is possible to market it as fresh frozen pollen, favoring the maintenance of its properties and greatly increasing its palatability, compared to dried pollen. However, fresh frozen pollen maintains a high microbiological load that can include some pathogenic genus to human health. In this work, ozonation combined with drying is applied to reduce the microbiological load. The lowest timing exposure to ozone (30 min) was chosen together with hot-air drying during 15 min to evaluate the shelf-life of treated bee-pollen under cold storage (4 °C), and initial reductions of 3, 1.5, and 1.7 log cycles were obtained for , mesophilic aerobes, and molds and yeasts counting, respectively. Six weeks after treatment the microbial load was held at a lower level than initially observed in fresh bee-pollen. In addition, ozone treatment did not have a negative impact on the polyphenols evaluated. Likewise, the sensory profile of the bee pollen under different treatments was studied. For all these assays the results have been favorable, so we can say that ozonation of fresh pollen is safe for human consumption, which maintains its polyphenols composition and organoleptically is better valued than dried pollen.
蜂花粉是一种具有重要营养特性的完整且健康的食物。通常，蜂花粉是脱水食用的，但也可以将其作为新鲜冷冻花粉销售，与干花粉相比，这样有利于保持其特性并大大提高其适口性。然而，新鲜冷冻花粉的微生物负荷较高，其中可能包括一些对人类健康有致病性的属。在这项工作中，采用臭氧处理结合干燥来降低微生物负荷。选择最低的臭氧暴露时间（30分钟）并结合15分钟的热风干燥，以评估冷藏（4°C）条件下处理过的蜂花粉的保质期，嗜温需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌计数分别最初减少了3、1.5和1.7个对数周期。处理六周后，微生物负荷保持在低于新鲜蜂花粉最初观察到的水平。此外，臭氧处理对所评估的多酚没有负面影响。同样，研究了不同处理下蜂花粉的感官特征。对于所有这些试验，结果都是有利的，所以我们可以说新鲜花粉的臭氧处理对人类食用是安全的，它保持了其多酚成分，并且在感官上比干花粉更受重视。
