Wang Bo, Zhao Xingang, Li Zhen, Luo Hailing, Zhang Hao, Guo Yanping, Zhang Can, Ma Qing
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Foods. 2021 Oct 28;10(11):2612. doi: 10.3390/foods10112612.
The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the () in Tan lambs were investigated in the present study. Thirty-nine 4-month-old male Tan lambs with similar body weight (24.91 ± 1.74 kg) were selected and divided into the three feeding systems ( = 13) randomly. Lambs were slaughtered after 83 days of the feeding trails, and muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that different feeding systems have no significant effect on short-chain fatty acids in Tan lambs ( > 0.05). However, the total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the GSF and GF groups were lower than those in the SF group ( < 0.001). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in the GSF group were higher than those in the GF and SF groups ( < 0.001). Moreover, in the comparison of both GF vs GSF groups and SF vs GSF groups, metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as cis-(6,9,12)-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, acetylcarnitine, and L-carnitine with lower concentration were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathway ( < 0.05), but metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate with higher concentrations were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the results indicated that in the comparison of the GSF group with the SF group, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as , , , , , and , were enriched in the steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, differential metabolites and genes showed a significant correlation with the content of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in lamb meat ( < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the feeding system was an important factor in regulating fatty acid content by affecting lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and gene expression in muscle, and graze-feeding system provided lamb meat with higher ∑PUFA content than time-limited-grazing and stall-feeding systems.
本研究调查了不同饲养系统，即放牧饲养（GSF）、限时放牧饲养（GF）和舍饲（SF），对滩羊羔羊脂肪酸含量、代谢产物以及（）基因表达的影响。选取39只体重相近（24.91±1.74 kg）的4月龄雄性滩羊羔羊，随机分为三个饲养系统组（每组n = 13）。饲养试验83天后宰杀羔羊，采集肌肉样本进行进一步分析。结果表明，不同饲养系统对滩羊羔羊的短链脂肪酸没有显著影响（P>0.05）。然而，GSF组和GF组的总饱和脂肪酸（∑SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（∑MUFA）低于SF组（P<0.001）。GSF组的总多不饱和脂肪酸（∑PUFA）高于GF组和SF组（P<0.001）。此外，在GF组与GSF组以及SF组与GSF组的比较中，代谢组学分析表明，浓度较低的顺式（6,9,12）-亚麻酸、花生酸、乙酰肉碱和L-肉碱等代谢产物在不饱和脂肪酸生物合成途径中显著富集（P<0.05），但浓度较高的磷酸胆碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、胞苷5'-二磷酸胆碱和甘油-3-磷酸等代谢产物在甘油磷脂代谢途径中富集。对结果进行的京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，在GSF组与SF组的比较中，如（此处原文缺失具体基因名称）等差异表达基因（DEGs）在类固醇生物合成和胆固醇代谢途径中富集。此外，差异代谢产物和基因与羔羊肉中∑SFA、∑MUFA和∑PUFA的含量显著相关（P<0.05）。这些发现表明，饲养系统是通过影响肌肉中与脂质代谢相关的代谢产物和基因表达来调节脂肪酸含量的重要因素，并且放牧饲养系统为羔羊肉提供了比限时放牧和舍饲系统更高的∑PUFA含量。
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