Moshtaghian Hanieh, Bolton Kim, Rousta Kamran
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
Foods. 2021 Nov 20;10(11):2874. doi: 10.3390/foods10112874.
Upcycled foods contain unmarketable ingredients (e.g., damaged food produce, by-products and scraps from food preparation) that otherwise would not be directed for human consumption. Upcycled food is a new food category and thus faces several challenges, such as definition development, inclusion in the food waste management hierarchy and public acceptability. This review provides an overview of these three challenges. The upcycled food definitions have been developed for research, food manufacturers, and multi-stakeholders use. Thus, there is a need for a consumer-friendly definition for the general public. A simplified definition is proposed to introduce these foods as environmentally friendly foods containing safe ingredients that otherwise would not have gone to human consumption such as damaged food produce, by-products and scraps from food preparation. Moreover, an updated version of the food waste management hierarchy has been proposed by including the production of upcycled foods as a separate waste management action that is less preferable than redistribution but more favourable than producing animal feed. Furthermore, consumer sociodemographic characteristics and beliefs, as well as food quality cues and attributes, were identified as crucial factors for the public acceptability of these foods. Future research should address these challenges to facilitate the introduction of upcycled foods.
升级再造食品包含无法进入市场的成分（例如，受损的食品、食品加工的副产品和残渣），否则这些成分不会用于人类消费。升级再造食品是一个新的食品类别，因此面临着诸多挑战，如定义的制定、纳入食物垃圾管理体系以及公众接受度。本综述概述了这三个挑战。升级再造食品的定义已为研究、食品制造商和多方利益相关者使用而制定。因此，需要为普通公众制定一个便于理解的定义。现提出一个简化定义，将这些食品介绍为环保食品，其包含的安全成分若不是升级再造食品原本不会用于人类消费，如受损的食品、食品加工的副产品和残渣。此外，已提出一个更新版的食物垃圾管理体系，将升级再造食品的生产作为一项单独的垃圾管理行动纳入其中，该行动不如食物再分配可取，但比生产动物饲料更有利。此外，消费者的社会人口特征和观念，以及食品质量线索和属性，被确定为这些食品公众接受度的关键因素。未来的研究应应对这些挑战，以促进升级再造食品的推广。
