Pauwels Marie J, Vandendriessche Charysse, Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E
VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Biomedicines. 2021 Nov 20;9(11):1734. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9111734.
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies is severely hampered by the presence of tightly regulated CNS barriers that restrict drug delivery to the brain. An increasing amount of data suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane derived vesicles that inherently protect and transfer biological cargoes between cells, naturally cross the CNS barriers. Moreover, EVs can be engineered with targeting ligands to obtain enriched tissue targeting and delivery capacities. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the literature describing a natural and engineered CNS targeting and therapeutic efficiency of different cell type derived EVs. Hereby, we specifically focus on peripheral administration routes in a broad range of CNS diseases. Furthermore, we underline the potential of research aimed at elucidating the vesicular transport mechanisms across the different CNS barriers. Finally, we elaborate on the practical considerations towards the application of EVs as a brain drug delivery system.
中枢神经系统（CNS）屏障受到严格调控，限制了药物向大脑的递送，这严重阻碍了中枢神经系统疾病的治疗。越来越多的数据表明，细胞外囊泡（EVs），即天然存在的膜衍生囊泡，可在细胞间保护并传递生物物质，能自然穿过中枢神经系统屏障。此外，可通过工程手段使细胞外囊泡携带靶向配体，以增强其组织靶向性和递送能力。在本综述中，我们详细概述了文献中关于不同细胞类型衍生的细胞外囊泡的天然及工程化中枢神经系统靶向性和治疗效果的描述。在此，我们特别关注广泛中枢神经系统疾病中的外周给药途径。此外，我们强调了旨在阐明跨不同中枢神经系统屏障的囊泡运输机制的研究潜力。最后，我们阐述了将细胞外囊泡应用于脑药物递送系统的实际考量。
