Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Gil Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 9;22(22):12102. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212102.
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the major ophthalmological healthcare challenges worldwide. DED is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and its main pathogenesis is chronic ocular surface inflammation related with various cellular and molecular signaling cascades. The animal model is a reliable and effective tool for understanding the various pathological mechanisms and molecular cascades in DED. Considerable experimental research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DED. Several experimental models of DED have been developed, and different animal species such as rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and primates have been used for these models. Although the basic mechanisms of DED in animals are nearly identical to those in humans, proper knowledge about the induction of animal models is necessary to obtain better and more reliable results. Various experimental models (in vitro and in vivo DED models) were briefly discussed in this review, along with pathologic features, analytical approaches, and common measurements, which will help investigators to use the appropriate cell lines, animal, methods, and evaluation parameters depending on their study design.
干眼症（DED）是全球主要的眼科医疗保健挑战之一。DED 是一种多因素疾病，其特征是泪膜的稳态丧失，其主要发病机制是与各种细胞和分子信号级联相关的慢性眼表面炎症。动物模型是理解 DED 中各种病理机制和分子级联的可靠且有效的工具。大量的实验研究集中在开发 DED 的预防和治疗新策略上。已经开发了几种 DED 的实验模型，并且已经使用了不同的动物物种，例如大鼠、小鼠、兔子、狗和灵长类动物来进行这些模型。尽管动物中 DED 的基本机制与人类非常相似，但为了获得更好和更可靠的结果，需要适当了解动物模型的诱导。本文简要讨论了各种实验模型（体外和体内 DED 模型），以及病理特征、分析方法和常见测量方法，这将有助于研究人员根据其研究设计使用适当的细胞系、动物、方法和评估参数。
