Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Nov 5;10(11):3035. doi: 10.3390/cells10113035.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are mainly involved in translational repression by binding to specific messenger RNAs. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as biomarkers, relevant for a multitude of pathophysiological conditions, and cells can selectively sort miRNAs into extracellular vesicles for paracrine and endocrine effects. In the overall context of muscle-wasting conditions, a multitude of miRNAs has been implied as being responsible for the typical dysregulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways. In general, chronic muscle disorders are associated with the main characteristic of a substantial loss in muscle mass. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle weakness and degeneration. Typically, MDs are caused by mutations in those genes responsible for upholding the integrity of muscle structure and function. Recently, the dysregulation of miRNA levels in such pathological conditions has been reported. This revelation is imperative for both MDs and other muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. The expression levels of miRNAs have immense potential for use as potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Understanding the role of miRNAs in muscle-wasting conditions may lead to the development of novel strategies for the improvement of patient management.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小型非编码 RNA 分子，主要通过与特定信使 RNA 结合来抑制翻译。最近，miRNA 已成为生物标志物，与多种病理生理状况相关，细胞可以将 miRNA 选择性分拣到细胞外囊泡中，以发挥旁分泌和内分泌作用。在肌肉减少症的整体情况下，多种 miRNA 被认为负责典型的合成代谢和分解代谢途径的失调。一般来说，慢性肌肉疾病与大量肌肉质量损失的主要特征有关。肌肉萎缩症（MD）是一组遗传性疾病，导致肌肉无力和退化。通常，MD 是由负责维持肌肉结构和功能完整性的基因的突变引起的。最近，在这些病理条件下已经报道了 miRNA 水平的失调。这一发现对 MD 以及其他肌肉减少症，如肌肉减少症和癌症恶病质，都至关重要。miRNA 表达水平具有作为潜在诊断、预后和治疗生物标志物的巨大潜力。了解 miRNA 在肌肉减少症中的作用可能会导致开发改善患者管理的新策略。
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