Department of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 15;18(22):11982. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182211982.
Chemical accidents can occur anywhere. The need for chemical management in Korea was realized following the 2012 Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident in 2012. The Chemicals Control Act was enacted in 2015. This system evaluates the risks (high, medium, low) and consequent safety management at all plants that handle hazardous chemical substances. However, the system was criticized as excessive when most plants were designated high-risk without considering their size. Thus, laboratories and hospitals handling very small quantities were subject to regulation. Accordingly, in 2021 Korea revised the system to include off-site consequence analyses and a Korean-style risk analysis. Plants handling very small quantities, such as laboratories and hospitals, were exempt from regulation. In this study, changes in risk were examined for four medium-sized plating and paint manufacturing plants. Under the previous system, all four factories were judged as high-risk groups. In particular, the paint manufacturing plant A, which has an underground storage tank, received a medium risk like the plating plant C, although the possibility of a chemical accident was lower than that of other plants. However, in the changed system, all plants were changed to the low-risk group. In the Korean-style risk analysis, it is possible to see at a glance what is lacking in the plants, such as cooperation between local residents and local governments and the construction of safety facilities according to the type of accident scenario. The revised system is a reasonable regulation for medium business plants.
化学事故可能发生在任何地方。2012 年韩国古米氢氟酸事故后，人们意识到需要对化学品进行管理。2015 年颁布了《化学品控制法》。该系统对所有处理危险化学品物质的工厂进行风险（高、中、低）评估和相应的安全管理。然而，由于大多数工厂在不考虑其规模的情况下被指定为高风险，因此该系统被批评为过度。因此，实验室和医院处理非常少量的危险化学品也受到监管。因此，2021 年韩国修订了该系统，纳入了场外后果分析和韩国式风险分析。处理非常少量危险化学品的实验室和医院等工厂被豁免监管。在这项研究中，对四家中型电镀和油漆制造工厂的风险变化进行了检验。在以前的系统下，所有四家工厂都被判定为高风险群体。特别是地下储罐的油漆制造厂 A 被判定为中风险，就像电镀厂 C 一样，尽管发生化学事故的可能性低于其他工厂。然而，在变更后的系统中，所有工厂都被归类为低风险群体。在韩国式风险分析中，可以一目了然地看到工厂存在的不足，例如根据事故场景类型，当地居民和地方政府之间的合作以及安全设施的建设。修订后的系统是对中型企业工厂的合理监管。
