Zainuddin Nur Izzati, Bilad Muhammad Roil, Marbelia Lisendra, Budhijanto Wiratni, Arahman Nasrul, Fahrina Afrilia, Shamsuddin Norazanita, Zaki Zaki Ismail, El-Bahy Zeinhom M, Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani, Gunawan Poernomo
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.
Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Nov 15;11(11):875. doi: 10.3390/membranes11110875.
Tapioca processing industries are very popular in the rural community to produce a variety of foods as the end products. Due to their small scales and scattered locations, they require robust modular systems to operate at low capacity with minimum supervision. This study explores the application of a novel sequencing batch-integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane (SB-IFASM) process to treat tapioca processing wastewater for reuse purposes. The SB-IFASM employed a gravity-driven system and utilizes biofilm to enhance biodegradation without requiring membrane cleaning. The SB-IFASM utilizes the biofilm as a secondary biodegradation stage to enhance the permeate quality applicable for reuse. A lab-scale SB-IFASM was developed, preliminarily assessed, and used to treat synthetic tapioca processing industry wastewater. The results of short-term filtration tests showed the significant impact of hydrostatic pressure on membrane compaction and instant cake layer formation. Increasing the pressure from 2.2 to 10 kPa lowered the permeability of clean water and activated sludge from 720 to 425 and from 110 to 50 L/m·h bar, respectively. The unsteady-state operation of the SB-IFASM showed the prominent role of the bio-cake in removing the organics reaching the permeate quality suitable for reuse. High COD removals of 63-98% demonstrated the prominence contribution of the biofilm in enhancing biological performance and ultimate COD removals of >93% make it very attractive for application in small-scale tapioca processing industries. However, the biological ecosystem was unstable, as shown by foaming that deteriorated permeability and was detrimental to the organic removal. Further developments are still required, particularly to address the biological stability and low permeability.
木薯加工产业在农村社区非常普遍，用于生产各种食品作为最终产品。由于其规模小且分布分散，它们需要强大的模块化系统，以低产能运行且只需最少的监管。本研究探讨了一种新型序批式集成固定膜活性污泥膜（SB - IFASM）工艺在处理木薯加工废水以实现回用目的方面的应用。SB - IFASM采用重力驱动系统，并利用生物膜增强生物降解，无需进行膜清洗。SB - IFASM将生物膜用作二级生物降解阶段，以提高适用于回用的渗透液质量。开发了一个实验室规模的SB - IFASM，进行了初步评估，并用于处理模拟木薯加工工业废水。短期过滤试验结果表明，静水压力对膜压实和即时滤饼层形成有显著影响。压力从2.2 kPa增加到10 kPa时，清水和活性污泥的渗透率分别从720降至425 L/m·h·bar和从110降至50 L/m·h·bar。SB - IFASM的非稳态运行表明生物滤饼在去除有机物以达到适用于回用的渗透液质量方面发挥了突出作用。63 - 98%的高化学需氧量（COD）去除率表明生物膜在增强生物性能方面的突出贡献，而最终COD去除率>93%使其在小规模木薯加工行业的应用非常有吸引力。然而，生物生态系统不稳定，如泡沫现象所示，这降低了渗透率并对有机物去除不利。仍需要进一步改进，特别是要解决生物稳定性和低渗透率问题。
