Kuzuhara Shunsuke, Ota Mina, Kasuya Ryo
National Institute of Technology, Sendai College, 48 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiote, Natori 981-1239, Miyagi, Japan.
Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Ibaraki, Japan.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;14(22):6843. doi: 10.3390/ma14226843.
The recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from waste materials involves dissolving the waste in an aqueous solution. However, since PGMs are precious metals, their dissolution requires strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine gas and aqua regia. In this study, we aimed to recover PGMs via the calcination of spent automotive catalysts (autocatalysts) with Li salts based on the concept of "spent autocatalyst + waste lithium-ion batteries" and leaching with only HCl. The results suggest that, when LiCO was used, the Pt content was fully leached, while 94.9% and 97.5% of Rh and Pd, respectively, were leached using HCl addition. Even when LiF, which is a decomposition product of the electrolytic solution (LiPF), was used as the Li salt model, the PGM leaching rate did not significantly change. In addition, we studied the immobilization of fluorine on cordierite (2MgO·2AlO·5SiO), which is a matrix component of autocatalysts. Through the calcination of LiF in the presence of cordierite, we found that cordierite thermally decomposed, and fluorine was immobilized as MgF.
从废料中回收铂族金属（PGMs）涉及将废料溶解于水溶液中。然而，由于PGMs是贵金属，它们的溶解需要强氧化剂，如氯气和王水。在本研究中，我们旨在基于“废汽车催化剂+废旧锂离子电池”的概念，通过用锂盐煅烧废旧汽车催化剂（汽车催化剂）并仅用盐酸浸出的方式来回收PGMs。结果表明，当使用碳酸锂时，铂含量被完全浸出，而在添加盐酸的情况下，铑和钯的浸出率分别为94.9%和97.5%。即使使用作为电解液（LiPF）分解产物的氟化锂作为锂盐模型，PGMs的浸出率也没有显著变化。此外，我们研究了氟在堇青石（2MgO·2AlO·5SiO）上的固定化，堇青石是汽车催化剂的基体成分。通过在堇青石存在下煅烧氟化锂，我们发现堇青石发生热分解，氟以氟化镁的形式被固定。
