Firšt Rogale Snježana, Rogale Dubravko, Knezić Željko, Jukl Nikolina
Department of Clothing Technology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Textile Design and Management, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;14(22):6853. doi: 10.3390/ma14226853.
The thermal properties of most clothing products are still not designed according to engineering science due to the lack of simple and acceptable measuring equipment and methods; the type of thermal insulation material, the number of layers of clothing and their thickness are thus chosen empirically. The novelty of this study was the development of a new measuring device and method for simultaneous measurements in the determination of the thermal resistance in one or more textile material layers, such as in multilayer composite clothing. Temperature gradients of textile material layers are presented, as well as the theoretical principles of operation and practical results. Four materials for the production of protective jackets were selected, from which different combinations of composite clothing were constructed and the thermal parameters were measured with a new method and a new device, both individually for the built-in materials and for the composites. Subsequently, five test jackets with the same arrangement of textile material layers as the previously tested composites were produced, and measurements of important thermal parameters were recorded with a thermal mannequin. The determined temperature gradients and measurement results are presented, and based on these it was determined that the total thermal resistance was not equal to the algebraic sum of the resistances of the individual textile material layers in the horizontal position; it was, however, higher, increasing from 30% to 94% due to small air layers caused by crimping and protruding fibres of yarn in the textile fabrics. The same textile material layers built into clothing in the vertical position allowed the formation of significantly wider air layers that increased the thermal resistance by between 2.5 and 9 times.
由于缺乏简单且可接受的测量设备和方法，大多数服装产品的热性能仍未按照工程科学进行设计；因此，隔热材料的类型、服装层数及其厚度都是凭经验选择的。本研究的新颖之处在于开发了一种新的测量装置和方法，用于同时测量一层或多层纺织材料（如多层复合服装）的热阻。文中给出了纺织材料层的温度梯度，以及操作的理论原理和实际结果。选择了四种用于生产防护服外套的材料，从中构建了不同组合的复合服装，并使用一种新方法和新装置分别对内衬材料和复合材料测量热参数。随后，制作了五件与之前测试的复合材料具有相同纺织材料层排列的测试外套，并使用热人体模型记录重要热参数的测量结果。给出了测定的温度梯度和测量结果，并基于此确定在水平位置时总热阻不等于各纺织材料层电阻的代数和；然而，由于纺织面料中纱线的卷曲和突出纤维形成的小气层，总热阻更高，增加了30%至94%。垂直放置在服装中的相同纺织材料层会形成明显更宽的气层，使热阻增加2.5至9倍。
