Department of Respiratory Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Respiratory Failure Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 20;57(11):1137. doi: 10.3390/medicina57111137.
: Studies have tried to establish a relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSA) and smoking but data still remain controversial. We aimed: 1. To evaluate the relationship between smoking and OSA; 2. To explore potential differences according to gender, and 3. To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) co-morbidities according to gender and smoking status. : This retrospective study included 3791 (70.6% males) adult patients who visited a Sleep Clinic. All participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography. Daytime somnolence and insomnia were assessed by using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Ever-smokers completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). : OSA was confirmed in 72.1% of participants with 62.2% suffering from moderate-to-severe disease. The number of cigarettes/day, Pack/Years, and FTND were significantly higher in patients with more severe OSA. The prevalence of current smokers was higher in those without OSA or with mild disease, whereas the prevalence of former smokers was higher in moderate and severe OSA. In univariate analysis, current smokers were found to be 1.2 times more likely to have OSA compared with never and former smokers combined and former smokers 1.49 times more likely compared with never smokers. In the multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for BMI, gender, age and number of alcoholic drinks per week, smoking was not found to be significantly associated with OSA. In gender stratified multivariate analyses, no significant associations were observed. CVD co-morbidities were more frequent in more severe OSA. Hypertension, coronary disease and diabetes were more prevalent in former smokers with AHI ≥ 15, compared with current smokers, especially in men. : Even if an independent effect of smoking on OSA was not found, the number of cigarettes/day, Pack/Years, and FTND were higher in patients with more severe OSA with more prevalent CVD co-morbidities.
: 研究试图建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSA）与吸烟之间的关系，但数据仍存在争议。我们的目的是：1. 评估吸烟与 OSA 之间的关系；2. 探讨根据性别存在的潜在差异；3. 根据性别和吸烟状况分析心血管疾病（CVD）合并症的患病率。: 这项回顾性研究纳入了 3791 名（70.6%为男性）成年患者，他们曾就诊于睡眠诊所。所有参与者均接受了夜间多导睡眠图检查。日间嗜睡和失眠通过 Epworth 嗜睡量表（ESS）和雅典失眠量表（AIS）进行评估。曾经吸烟者完成了尼古丁依赖 Fagerstrom 测试（FTND）。: OSA 在 72.1%的参与者中得到确认，其中 62.2%的患者患有中重度疾病。在 OSA 更严重的患者中，每日吸烟量、包年数和 FTND 明显更高。在无 OSA 或轻度疾病的患者中，当前吸烟者的比例较高，而在中重度 OSA 患者中，曾经吸烟者的比例较高。在单因素分析中，与从不吸烟者和曾经吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者发生 OSA 的可能性是其 1.2 倍，而曾经吸烟者发生 OSA 的可能性是从不吸烟者的 1.49 倍。在多元回归分析中，在校正 BMI、性别、年龄和每周饮酒量后，吸烟与 OSA 无显著相关性。在按性别分层的多变量分析中，未观察到显著相关性。在更严重的 OSA 中，CVD 合并症更为常见。与当前吸烟者相比，在 AHI≥15 的曾经吸烟者中，高血压、冠心病和糖尿病更为常见，尤其是男性。: 即使没有发现吸烟对 OSA 的独立影响，但在 OSA 更严重的患者中，每日吸烟量、包年数和 FTND 更高，并且 CVD 合并症更常见。
