Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Department of Internal Disease, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Nov 5;57(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/medicina57111211.
Adequate dietary intake of iodine and selenium is essential during pregnancy. While iodine is vital for maternal thyroid function and fetal development, selenium contributes to the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to assess the consumption of iodine- and selenium-containing products by women of reproductive age and the iodine and selenium nutritional status of pregnant women in Latvia. Population health survey (2010-2018) data were used to characterize dietary habits in women of reproductive age. Additionally, 129 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited; they completed a questionnaire and were tested for thyroid function, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and serum selenium and selenoprotein P levels. The use of some dietary sources of iodine (e.g., milk and dairy products) and selenium (e.g., bread) has decreased in recent years. Less than 10% of respondents reported the use of iodized salt. The use of supplements has become more common (reported by almost 50% of respondents in 2018). Dietary habits were similar in pregnant women, but the use of supplements was even higher (almost 70%). Nevertheless, most supplements used in pregnancy had insufficient contents of iodine and selenium. Thyroid function was euthyreotic in all women, but 13.9% of participants had a thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) level above 60 IU/mL. The median UIC (IQR) was 147.2 (90.0-248.1) μg/gCr, and 52.8% of pregnant women had a UIC below 150 μg/gCr. The mean selenium (SD) level was 101.5 (35.6) μg/L; 30.1% of women had a selenium level below 80 μg/L. The median selenoprotein P level was 6.9 (3.1-9.0) mg/L. Iodine nutrition in Latvian population of pregnant women was near the lower limit of adequate and a third of the population had a selenium deficiency. Supplements were frequently used, but most did not contain the recommended amounts of iodine and selenium.
孕妇在妊娠期间需要摄入足够的碘和硒。碘对母体甲状腺功能和胎儿发育至关重要，而硒则有助于调节甲状腺功能和甲状腺自身免疫。本研究旨在评估拉脱维亚育龄妇女摄入含碘和硒产品的情况，以及孕妇的碘和硒营养状况。利用 2010-2018 年的人群健康调查数据来描述育龄妇女的饮食习惯。此外，还招募了 129 名处于妊娠早期的孕妇，她们完成了一份问卷，并进行了甲状腺功能、尿碘浓度（UIC）、血清硒和硒蛋白 P 水平检测。近年来，一些含碘（如牛奶和奶制品）和硒（如面包）的膳食来源的使用有所减少。不到 10%的受访者报告使用了碘盐。补充剂的使用变得更为普遍（2018 年近 50%的受访者报告使用）。孕妇的饮食习惯相似，但补充剂的使用甚至更高（近 70%）。然而，大多数孕期使用的补充剂中碘和硒的含量不足。所有妇女的甲状腺功能均处于正常状态，但 13.9%的参与者的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPO-ab）水平超过 60IU/mL。UIC（IQR）中位数（范围）为 147.2（90.0-248.1）μg/gCr，52.8%的孕妇 UIC 低于 150μg/gCr。硒的平均（SD）水平为 101.5（35.6）μg/L；30.1%的女性硒水平低于 80μg/L。硒蛋白 P 的中位数为 6.9（3.1-9.0）mg/L。拉脱维亚孕妇的碘营养接近充足的下限，三分之一的人群存在硒缺乏。补充剂经常使用，但大多数都不含有推荐量的碘和硒。
