Zaffaroni Nadia, Beretta Giovanni Luca
Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Oct 25;13(11):1785. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111785.
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism holding promise for anticancer therapy. Numerous small molecules inducing ferroptosis have been reported thus far. However, these compounds suffer from important drawbacks including poor solubility, systemic toxicity, and scarce tumor targeting ability that have limited their clinical success. The notion that nanoparticles inducing ferroptosis show better preclinical profiles compared to small molecules and overcome resistance to apoptosis has opened a new scenario for cancer treatment. Due to peculiar chemical-physical properties, nanoparticles can be loaded with anticancer drugs or decorated with tumor-selecting molecules. These features allow for drug combination treatment as well as tumor targeting. In the review, we summarize and discuss the available information concerning nanoparticles inducing ferroptosis endowed with different peculiarities and suitable for therapeutic purposes including nanoparticles for (i) antitumor drug delivery, (ii) tumor targeting, (iii) immunomodulation, and (iv) radiofrequency ablation, hyperthermia, and photodynamic therapy.
铁死亡是一种有前景的用于抗癌治疗的程序性细胞死亡机制。迄今为止，已报道了许多诱导铁死亡的小分子。然而，这些化合物存在重要缺陷，包括溶解度差、全身毒性和肿瘤靶向能力不足，这些都限制了它们在临床上的成功应用。与小分子相比，诱导铁死亡的纳米颗粒显示出更好的临床前特征并克服了对凋亡的抗性这一观点为癌症治疗开辟了新的前景。由于其独特的化学物理性质，纳米颗粒可以负载抗癌药物或用肿瘤选择性分子进行修饰。这些特性允许进行联合药物治疗以及肿瘤靶向。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了关于具有不同特性且适用于治疗目的的诱导铁死亡的纳米颗粒的现有信息，包括用于（i）抗肿瘤药物递送、（ii）肿瘤靶向、（iii）免疫调节以及（iv）射频消融、热疗和光动力疗法的纳米颗粒。
