Ballu Agathe, Deredec Anne, Walker Anne-Sophie, Carpentier Florence
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UR BIOGER, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR MaIAGE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Microorganisms. 2021 Nov 10;9(11):2324. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9112324.
Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolutionary study on the fungal pathogen to determine how mixtures managed resistance. We compared the effect of the continuous use of single active ingredients to that of mixtures, at the minimal dose providing full control of the disease, which we refer to as the "efficient" dose. We found that the performance of efficient-dose mixtures against an initially susceptible population depended strongly on the components of the mixture. Such mixtures were either as durable as the best mixture component used alone, or worse than all components used alone. Moreover, efficient dose mixture regimes probably select for generalist resistance profiles as a result of the combination of selection pressures exerted by the various components and their lower doses. Our results indicate that mixtures should not be considered a universal strategy. Experimental evaluations of specificities for the pathogens targeted, their interactions with fungicides and the interactions between fungicides are crucial for the design of sustainable resistance management strategies.
抗药性对农业、人类健康和生物多样性构成了严重威胁。杀菌剂混合物被推荐并广泛应用于抗药性管理策略中。然而，此类混合物的增效成分仍不明确。我们对真菌病原体进行了一项实验进化研究，以确定混合物如何管理抗药性。我们将在提供完全病害控制的最小剂量（我们称之为“有效”剂量）下连续使用单一活性成分的效果与混合物的效果进行了比较。我们发现，有效剂量混合物对最初易感种群的效果在很大程度上取决于混合物的成分。此类混合物要么与单独使用的最佳混合物成分一样持久，要么比所有单独使用的成分都差。此外，由于各种成分施加的选择压力及其较低剂量的综合作用，有效剂量混合方案可能会选择广谱抗药谱。我们的结果表明，不应将混合物视为一种通用策略。针对目标病原体的特异性、它们与杀菌剂的相互作用以及杀菌剂之间的相互作用的实验评估对于设计可持续的抗药性管理策略至关重要。
