Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Commun Biol. 2023 Feb 16;6(1):180. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04550-6.
The evolution of resistance to pesticides is a major burden in agriculture. Resistance management involves maximizing selection pressure heterogeneity, particularly by combining active ingredients with different modes of action. We tested the hypothesis that alternation may delay the build-up of resistance not only by spreading selection pressure over longer periods, but also by decreasing the rate of evolution of resistance to alternated fungicides, by applying an experimental evolution approach to the economically important crop pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Our results show that alternation is either neutral or slows the overall resistance evolution rate, relative to continuous fungicide use, but results in higher levels of generalism in evolved lines. We demonstrate that the nature of the fungicides, and therefore their relative intrinsic risk of resistance may underly this trade-off, more so than the number of fungicides and the rhythm of alternation. This trade-off is also dynamic over the course of resistance evolution. These findings open up new possibilities for tailoring resistance management effectively while optimizing interplay between alternation components.
抗药性的进化是农业的主要负担。抗药性管理包括最大限度地增加选择压力的异质性，特别是通过将具有不同作用模式的活性成分结合使用。我们通过对经济上重要的作物病原体小麦叶锈菌应用实验进化方法来检验这样一个假设，即交替使用可能不仅通过延长选择压力的时间来延迟抗药性的积累，而且还可以通过降低对交替使用的杀菌剂的抗药性的进化速度来延迟抗药性的积累。我们的结果表明，与连续使用杀菌剂相比，交替使用要么是中性的，要么会降低整体抗药性进化速度，但会导致进化系中出现更高水平的一般性。我们证明了杀菌剂的性质，因此它们相对的内在抗药性风险可能是这种权衡的基础，而不是杀菌剂的数量和交替的节奏。这种权衡在抗药性进化过程中也是动态的。这些发现为有效地调整抗药性管理提供了新的可能性，同时优化了交替成分之间的相互作用。
