Ioakeimidis Apostolos, Papadas Ioannis T, Koutsouroubi Eirini D, Armatas Gerasimos S, Choulis Stelios A
Molecular Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Nov 15;11(11):3074. doi: 10.3390/nano11113074.
Low temperature solution combustion synthesis emerges as a facile method for the synthesis of functional metal oxides thin films for electronic applications. We study the solution combustion synthesis process of Cu:NiO using different molar ratios (w/o, 0.1 and 1.5) of fuel acetylacetone (Acac) to oxidizer (Cu, Ni Nitrates) as a function of thermal annealing temperatures 150, 200, and 300 °C. The solution combustion synthesis process, in both thin films and bulk Cu:NiO, is investigated. Thermal analysis studies using TGA and DTA reveal that the Cu:NiO thin films show a more gradual mass loss while the bulk Cu:NiO exhibits a distinct combustion process. The thin films can crystallize to Cu:NiO at an annealing temperature of 300 °C, irrespective of the Acac/Oxidizer ratio, whereas lower annealing temperatures (150 and 200 °C) produce amorphous materials. A detail characterization study of solution combustion synthesized Cu:NiO, including XPS, UV-Vis, AFM, and Contact angle measurements, is presented. Finally, 50 nm Cu:NiO thin films are introduced as HTLs within the inverted perovskite solar cell device architecture. The Cu:NiO HTL annealed at 150 and 200 °C provided PVSCs with limited functionality, whereas efficient triple-cation Cs(MAFA) Pb(IBr)-based PVSCs achieved for Cu:NiO HTLs for annealing temperature of 300 °C.
低温溶液燃烧合成法成为一种简便的方法，用于合成电子应用中的功能金属氧化物薄膜。我们研究了以不同摩尔比（重量比，0.1和1.5）的燃料乙酰丙酮（Acac）与氧化剂（铜、镍硝酸盐）作为热退火温度150、200和300℃的函数时，Cu:NiO的溶液燃烧合成过程。对薄膜和块状Cu:NiO的溶液燃烧合成过程都进行了研究。使用热重分析（TGA）和差示热分析（DTA）的热分析研究表明，Cu:NiO薄膜显示出更逐渐的质量损失，而块状Cu:NiO表现出明显的燃烧过程。无论Acac/氧化剂比例如何，薄膜在300℃的退火温度下都能结晶为Cu:NiO，而较低的退火温度（150和200℃）会产生非晶材料。本文介绍了对溶液燃烧合成的Cu:NiO进行的详细表征研究，包括X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和接触角测量。最后，在倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池器件结构中引入了50nm的Cu:NiO薄膜作为空穴传输层（HTL）。在150和200℃退火的Cu:NiO空穴传输层为钙钛矿太阳能电池提供的功能有限，而对于在300℃退火温度的Cu:NiO空穴传输层，实现了基于三阳离子Cs(MAFA)Pb(IBr)的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池。
