Benetti Giulio, Banfi Francesco, Cavaliere Emanuele, Gavioli Luca
Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, P.le Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Nov 18;11(11):3116. doi: 10.3390/nano11113116.
Nanoporous ultrathin films, constituted by a slab less than 100 nm thick and a certain void volume fraction provided by nanopores, are emerging as a new class of systems with a wide range of possible applications, including electrochemistry, energy storage, gas sensing and supercapacitors. The film porosity and morphology strongly affect nanoporous films mechanical properties, the knowledge of which is fundamental for designing films for specific applications. To unveil the relationships among the morphology, structure and mechanical response, a comprehensive and non-destructive investigation of a model system was sought. In this review, we examined the paradigmatic case of a nanoporous, granular, metallic ultrathin film with comprehensive bottom-up and top-down approaches, both experimentals and theoreticals. The granular film was made of Ag nanoparticles deposited by gas-phase synthesis, thus providing a solvent-free and ultrapure nanoporous system at room temperature. The results, bearing generality beyond the specific model system, are discussed for several applications specific to the morphological and mechanical properties of the investigated films, including bendable electronics, membrane separation and nanofluidic sensing.
纳米多孔超薄膜由厚度小于100纳米的平板和纳米孔提供的一定孔隙率组成，正成为一类新型系统，具有广泛的潜在应用，包括电化学、能量存储、气体传感和超级电容器。薄膜的孔隙率和形态强烈影响纳米多孔薄膜的机械性能，了解这些知识对于设计特定应用的薄膜至关重要。为了揭示形态、结构和机械响应之间的关系，人们对一个模型系统进行了全面且无损的研究。在这篇综述中，我们采用综合的自下而上和自上而下方法，包括实验和理论方法，研究了纳米多孔、颗粒状金属超薄膜的典型案例。颗粒薄膜由通过气相合成沉积的银纳米颗粒制成，从而在室温下提供了一个无溶剂且超纯的纳米多孔系统。针对所研究薄膜的形态和机械性能的几种特定应用，讨论了这些结果，这些结果具有超出特定模型系统的普遍性，包括可弯曲电子器件、膜分离和纳米流体传感。
