Domínguez-Vías Germán, Segarra Ana Belén, Ramírez-Sánchez Manuel, Prieto Isabel
Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 4;13(11):3939. doi: 10.3390/nu13113939.
(1) Background: Prolonged feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) acts as a stressor by activating the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) stress axis, accompanied of hypertension by inducing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensinases enzymes are regulatory aminopeptidases of angiotensin metabolism, which together with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), pyroglutamyl- and tyrosyl-aminopeptidase (pGluAP, TyrAP), participate in cognitive, stress, metabolic and cardiovascular functions. These functions appear to be modulated by the type of fat used in the diet. (2) Methods: To analyze a possible coordinated response of aminopeptidases, their activities were simultaneously determined in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and adrenal gland of adult male rats fed diets enriched with monounsaturated (standard diet (S diet) supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil; VOO diet) or saturated fatty acids (diet S supplemented with 20% butter and 0.1% cholesterol; Bch diet). Aminopeptidase activities were measured by fluorimetry using 2-Naphthylamine as substrates. (3) Results: the hypothalamus did not show differences in any of the experimental diets. In the pituitary, the Bch diet stimulated the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by increasing certain angiotensinase activities (alanyl-, arginyl- and cystinyl-aminopeptidase) with respect to the S and VOO diets. DPP-IV activity was increased with the Bch diet, and TyrAP activity decrease with the VOO diet, having both a crucial role on stress and eating behavior. In the adrenal gland, both HFDs showed an increase in angiotensinase aspartyl-aminopeptidase. The interrelation of angiotensinases activities in the tissues were depending on the type of diet. In addition, correlations were shown between angiotensinases and aminopeptidases that regulate stress and eating behavior. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the HPA axis, which could be related to alterations in RAS, stress and feeding behavior.
(1) 背景：长期高脂饮食（HFD）通过激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）应激轴的功能而成为一种应激源，同时通过诱导肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统导致高血压。血管紧张素酶是血管紧张素代谢的调节性氨肽酶，它与二肽基肽酶IV（DPP-IV）、焦谷氨酰和酪氨酰氨肽酶（pGluAP、TyrAP）一起参与认知、应激、代谢和心血管功能。这些功能似乎受饮食中所用脂肪类型的调节。(2) 方法：为分析氨肽酶可能的协同反应，在喂食富含单不饱和脂肪酸（标准饮食（S饮食）补充20%初榨橄榄油；VOO饮食）或饱和脂肪酸（S饮食补充20%黄油和0.1%胆固醇；Bch饮食）的成年雄性大鼠的下丘脑、腺垂体和肾上腺中同时测定它们的活性。使用2-萘胺作为底物通过荧光法测量氨肽酶活性。(3) 结果：下丘脑在任何实验饮食中均未显示出差异。在垂体中，与S和VOO饮食相比，Bch饮食通过增加某些血管紧张素酶活性（丙氨酰、精氨酰和胱氨酰氨肽酶）刺激肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）。Bch饮食使DPP-IV活性增加，而VOO饮食使TyrAP活性降低，二者在应激和进食行为中均起关键作用。在肾上腺中，两种高脂饮食均使天冬氨酰氨肽酶这种血管紧张素酶增加。组织中血管紧张素酶活性的相互关系取决于饮食类型。此外，血管紧张素酶与调节应激和进食行为的氨肽酶之间存在相关性。(4) 结论：综上所述，这些结果支持饮食中的脂肪来源会影响HPA轴中的几种肽酶活性，这可能与RAS、应激和进食行为的改变有关。
