Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University. P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Waste Manag. 2022 Mar 1;140:173-182. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.029. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
This study explored the production and evaluation of briquettes made from dried fecal sludge mixed with fresh food waste as a dual strategy to solve energy poverty and poor sanitation problems in Ugandan slums. Cylindrical briquettes measuring 82 mm height by 76 mm diameter were produced from dried fecal sludge (FS) alone, and FS mixed separately with pineapple peels (FS + PP), charcoal fines (FS + CD), and bean husks (FS + BH) in a mix ratio of 50% FS: 50% biomass (wt/wt basis) using red soil as the binder. Physiochemical characteristics and fuel thermal efficiency of the briquettes were tested following ASTM standards and were compared to wood-derived charcoal and commonly traded briquettes on market in Uganda. The average moisture content was 5.1%. Bulk density was highest in FS briquettes (1.12 g/cm) and lowest in FS + BH (0.847 g/cm). Volatile matter (VM) was highest in FS + PP (39%) and lowest in FS alone (25.7%). The average ash content was 30.4%. FS + PP had the highest calorific value (17.92 MJ/kg) while FS alone had the lowest (6.19 MJ/kg). The highest burning rate was recorded in FS + CD briquettes (8 g/min) and was lowest in FS + PP (4 g/min). Based on the calculated burning rates and calorific values, the economic advantage calculations implied that blending one ton of dry FS with one ton of dry pineapple peels for fuel briquettes, and their use as a substitute could save consumers about USD 620 per ton of wood charcoal foregone.
本研究探索了将干燥粪便污泥与新鲜食物垃圾混合制成的煤球的生产和评估，这是解决乌干达贫民窟能源贫困和卫生条件差问题的双重策略。从干燥粪便污泥（FS）单独生产出圆柱形煤球，其高度为 82 毫米，直径为 76 毫米；FS 分别与菠萝皮（FS+PP）、木炭细粉（FS+CD）和豆壳（FS+BH）以 50% FS:50%生物质（wt/wt 基础）的混合比混合，并用红土作为粘合剂。煤球的物理化学特性和燃料热效率按照 ASTM 标准进行测试，并与乌干达市场上的木质木炭和常用的商业煤球进行了比较。平均水分含量为 5.1%。堆密度在 FS 煤球中最高（1.12 g/cm），在 FS+BH 中最低（0.847 g/cm）。挥发性物质（VM）在 FS+PP 中最高（39%），在 FS 中最低（25.7%）。平均灰分含量为 30.4%。FS+PP 的热值最高（17.92 MJ/kg），而 FS 单独的热值最低（6.19 MJ/kg）。FS+CD 煤球的燃烧速度最高（8 g/min），FS+PP 煤球的燃烧速度最低（4 g/min）。根据计算出的燃烧速度和热值，经济优势计算表明，将一吨干 FS 与一吨干菠萝皮混合制成燃料煤球，并用其替代木炭，可以为消费者每吨节省约 620 美元的费用。
