Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mientrung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen, 56000, Viet Nam.
School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 15;293:118564. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118564. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers; therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential; however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
由于污水污泥中含有相当高的碳和植物必需养分，因此，其土地应用正日益被用作填埋和焚烧的替代方法。然而，污水污泥中存在的化学和生物污染物构成了潜在的危险；因此，在将污水污泥施用于土壤之前，必须对其进行适当的处理。最常见的方法包括厌氧消化、好氧堆肥、石灰稳定、焚烧和热解。这些方法旨在稳定污水污泥，消除其潜在的环境污染，并恢复其农业价值。为了在土地上取得最佳效果，必须全面了解这些污水污泥处理过程中有机物、养分和污染物的转化情况；然而，这方面的信息仍然缺乏。本综述旨在通过介绍各种处理污水污泥的方法、处理过程中一些主要养分和污染物的转化过程以及对土壤的潜在影响来填补这一知识空白。尽管进行了这些处理，但长时间以来，经处理的污水污泥的土地应用仍存在一些潜在风险。对于经处理的污水污泥在土地上的再利用，潜在的有毒物质仍然是主要关注点。因此，可能需要进一步处理，并进行长期的田间研究，以防止经处理的污水污泥对生态系统和人类健康产生可能的不利影响，并使其能够在土地上应用。
