Yusà Vicent, F Fernández Sandra, Dualde Pablo, López Antonio, Lacomba Iñaki, Coscollà Clara
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Environ Res. 2022 Apr 1;205:112437. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112437. Epub 2021 Nov 26.
Although Spain does not have a regular national human biomonitoring program yet, different research groups are active in evaluating the exposure of children and adults to chemicals. In the last seven years, several studies in Spain have evaluated the internal exposure of the population to currently used pesticides. The present review analyzes the scope of these studies, the employed analytical methods and the main results of the exposure and risk, mainly for children and mothers. The frequency of exposure to biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate pesticides is high. Some non-specific dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAPs), such as the diethyl phosphate (DEP), present Detection Frequencies (DFs) in the range of 65-92% in various studies. Also, the specific biomarker of the chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, TCPy), achieves Detection Frequencies between 74% and 100% in many studies. For pyrethroids, the metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) is present, in general, in more than the 65% of the studied samples. Highly polar herbicides were only assessed in one study and both glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid showed Detection Frequencies around 60%. However, putting the biomonitoring data in a risk assessment context, the mean Hazard Quotient (HQ), used as a metric for the individual risk, ranges from 0.0006 (glyphosate) to 0.93 in farm workers (parathion), which means that is unlike that the exposure poses a health concern (HQ < 1).
尽管西班牙尚未建立常规的国家人体生物监测项目，但不同的研究团队积极参与评估儿童和成人接触化学物质的情况。在过去七年中，西班牙的多项研究评估了民众对当前使用农药的体内暴露情况。本综述分析了这些研究的范围、所采用的分析方法以及暴露和风险的主要结果，主要针对儿童和母亲。有机磷农药暴露生物标志物的暴露频率很高。一些非特异性的二烷基磷酸酯代谢物（DAPs），如磷酸二乙酯（DEP），在各项研究中的检出频率（DFs）在65%至92%之间。此外，毒死蜱的特异性生物标志物（3,5,6 - 三氯 - 2 - 吡啶醇，TCPy）在许多研究中的检出频率在74%至100%之间。对于拟除虫菊酯类，代谢物3 - 苯氧基苯甲酸（PBA）通常在超过65%的研究样本中存在。高极性除草剂仅在一项研究中进行了评估，草甘膦及其代谢物氨甲基膦酸的检出频率均约为60%。然而，将生物监测数据置于风险评估背景下，用作个体风险衡量指标的平均危害商数（HQ）范围从0.0006（草甘膦）到农场工人中对硫磷的0.93，这意味着暴露不太可能构成健康问题（HQ < 1）。
