Chittagong Medical University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
Microbes Infect. 2022 Feb;24(1):104913. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104913. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical immune component that plays a crucial role in mounting innate immune responses. The deleterious effects of inflammasome activation have been correlated with the COVID-19 disease severity. In the presence of several underlying disorders, the immune components of our bodies are dysregulated, creating conditions that could adversely affect us other than providing a required level of protection. In this review, we focused on the occurrence of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to SARS-COV-2 infection, dysregulation of NLRP3 activation events in the presence of several comorbidities, the contribution of activated NLRP3 inflammasome to the severity of COVID-19, and available therapeutics for the treatment of such NLRP3 inflammasome related diseases based on current knowledge. The primed state of immunity in individuals with comorbidities (risk factors) could accelerate many deaths and severe COVID-19 cases via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of downstream inflammatory molecules. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is needed to clarify the pathophysiology and select a potential therapeutic approach.
NLRP3 炎性小体是一种关键的免疫成分，在启动固有免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。炎性小体激活的有害影响与 COVID-19 疾病的严重程度相关。在存在几种潜在疾病的情况下，我们身体的免疫成分失调，创造了可能对我们产生不利影响的条件，而不是提供所需水平的保护。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 NLRP3 炎性小体对 SARS-COV-2 感染的反应、几种合并症存在时 NLRP3 激活事件的失调、激活的 NLRP3 炎性小体对 COVID-19 严重程度的贡献，以及基于当前知识的治疗这种 NLRP3 炎性小体相关疾病的可用疗法。合并症（危险因素）患者的免疫预激活状态可能通过激活 NLRP3 炎性小体和释放下游炎症分子加速许多死亡和严重的 COVID-19 病例。因此，需要详细了解宿主-病原体相互作用，以阐明病理生理学并选择潜在的治疗方法。
