Al Masri Feras, Müller Mattea, Nebl Josefine, Greupner Theresa, Hahn Andreas, Straka Dorothee
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Hannover, Germany.
Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück, Germany.
Arch Public Health. 2021 Nov 29;79(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00745-7.
More than 10 million Syrians have left their homes and sought refuge in neighboring countries, including Europe, since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in March 2011, and immigration continues to this day. This cross-sectional study included Syrian refugees residing in and around Hannover, Germany. We investigated whether general socioeconomic factors (e.g. age, sex, housing, asylum duration) were predictive factors for the quality of life (QOL) of Syrian refugees in Germany.
The QOL of Syrian refugees was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF tool, a questionnaire assessing the QOL in four domains: Physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. A total of 114 Syrian refugees, aged between 18 and 45 years, who obtained one of the following statuses, asylum, refugee protection or subsidiary protection, were included. The QOL domain and total scores of Syrian refugees in Germany were compared with a Western norm and Sub-Saharan population. Data were analyzed with the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate linear regression.
More than 65% of the participants (62.3% male, 37.7% female) were between 18 and 29 years old, and 45% had lived in Germany for less than four years. The lowest QOL score was reported in the social relationship's domain (60.5%), while the psychological score was lowest in participants aged 40-45 years (P = 0.011). The age was significantly negatively associated with physical health (P = 0.010), psychological (P < 0.001) and the total QOL (P = 0.005). Asylum duration was associated with the environment domain (P = 0.040), the short-time refugees were less satisfied than the longtime refugees, and with aspects of the psychological domain in Enjoying life and Concentration ability (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033, respectively), yet was not associated with total QOL or total domain scores. There were significant associations between housing and the psychological domain (P = 0.032) and housing and the social relationship domain (P < 0.001). The refugees who living in camps registered a lower score in psychological than residents of apartments and houses, and the single refugees had a higher score than those married and divorced (P = 0.032 and P = 0.035, respectively).
The Syrian refugees participating in this study showed a low QOL score in the assessment of all domains compared to the normal population, especially regarding social relations and psychological; it was associated with socioeconomic factors, such as housing, asylum duration and marital status. This calls for urgent societal and political efforts to strengthen the social living conditions of Syrian refugees in Germany.
自2011年3月叙利亚冲突爆发以来，超过1000万叙利亚人离开家园，在包括欧洲在内的周边国家寻求庇护，移民潮一直持续至今。这项横断面研究纳入了居住在德国汉诺威及其周边地区的叙利亚难民。我们调查了一般社会经济因素（如年龄、性别、住房、庇护期限）是否为德国叙利亚难民生活质量（QOL）的预测因素。
使用世界卫生组织生活质量简表（WHOQOL - BREF）工具评估叙利亚难民的生活质量，该问卷从四个领域评估生活质量：身体健康、心理、社会关系和环境。总共纳入了114名年龄在18至45岁之间、获得以下身份之一（庇护、难民保护或辅助保护）的叙利亚难民。将德国叙利亚难民的生活质量领域得分和总分与西方标准人群及撒哈拉以南人群进行比较。数据采用Spearman Rho相关系数、Kruskal - Wallis检验、Mann - Whitney U检验和多元线性回归进行分析。
超过65%的参与者（男性62.3%，女性37.7%）年龄在18至29岁之间，45%的人在德国居住时间不到四年。社会关系领域的生活质量得分最低（60.5%），而40 - 45岁参与者的心理得分最低（P = 0.011）。年龄与身体健康（P = 0.010）、心理（P < 0.001）和总体生活质量（P = 0.005）显著负相关。庇护期限与环境领域相关（P = 0.040），短期难民比长期难民满意度更低，并且在享受生活和注意力集中能力方面与心理领域的某些方面相关（分别为P < 0.001和P = 0.033），但与总体生活质量或各领域总分无关。住房与心理领域（P = 0.032）以及住房与社会关系领域之间存在显著关联（P < 0.001）。居住在难民营的难民在心理方面的得分低于公寓和房屋居民，单身难民的得分高于已婚和离异难民（分别为P = 0.032和P = 0.035）。
与正常人群相比，参与本研究的叙利亚难民在所有领域的评估中生活质量得分较低，尤其是在社会关系和心理方面；这与社会经济因素有关，如住房、庇护期限和婚姻状况。这需要社会和政治方面做出紧急努力，以改善德国叙利亚难民的社会生活条件。
