Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 3;19(23):16200. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316200.
The aim of this online, register-based cross-sectional study was to investigate the frequency of psychological distress and protective factors among 136 Syrian students in Germany. The survey measured depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event-Scale-6), as well as resources social support (ENRICHD Social Support Instrument), optimism (Optimism-Pessimism-2 Scale) and religiosity (Duke Religion Index). A total of 26.50% of the sample were female. A total of 38.93% met criteria for clinically relevant depressive respectively generalized anxiety symptoms and 15.72% showed prominent PTSD scores. Participants screened positive for mental distress reported significantly less social support ( = 0.001) and less optimism ( = 0.002) than participants without mental distress. In multiple regression analyses, higher levels of feeling welcome in Germany, social support and intrinsic religiosity were significantly associated with lower levels of depression and generalized anxiety. Significant associations with lower PTSD levels were found with higher levels of social support and optimism. The results show that Syrian students in Germany are more psychologically burdened compared to other Syrian refugee samples, except for PTSD. This suggests that besides the stress caused by flight and trauma, stressors such as studying and social isolation could be considered as additional impediments for mental health and require intervention measures.
本在线注册横断面研究旨在调查德国 136 名叙利亚学生心理困扰的频率及其保护因素。该调查采用患者健康问卷 4 项（PHQ-4）、创伤后应激障碍量表 6 项（IES-6）评估抑郁和焦虑，采用 ENRICHD 社会支持量表（ENRICHD Social Support Instrument）、乐观主义-悲观主义量表 2 项（Optimism-Pessimism-2 Scale）和杜克宗教指数（Duke Religion Index）评估资源和社会支持、乐观主义和宗教信仰。样本中，女性占 26.50%。共有 38.93%的人符合临床相关抑郁或广泛性焦虑症状的标准，15.72%的人表现出明显的创伤后应激障碍分数。筛选出存在心理健康问题的参与者报告的社会支持（ = 0.001）和乐观程度（ = 0.002）明显低于无心理健康问题的参与者。在多元回归分析中，对德国的欢迎程度、社会支持和内在宗教信仰水平越高，抑郁和广泛性焦虑水平越低。社会支持和乐观程度越高，与创伤后应激障碍程度较低显著相关。研究结果表明，与其他叙利亚难民样本相比，德国的叙利亚学生心理负担更重，除了创伤后应激障碍。这表明，除了逃亡和创伤带来的压力之外，学习和社会孤立等压力源也可能被视为心理健康的额外障碍，需要采取干预措施。
