National Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Case Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Departement of Statistics, College of Natural and computational science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 29;21(1):1201. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06896-w.
Blood stream infections are serious infections that usually induce prolongation of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality in several countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial and fungal profile, their drug resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with blood stream infections.
A cross sectional study design was conducted from February 23 to June 23, 2020 at Ethiopian public health. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic factors and clinical conditions. Blood specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and Vitek compact 2. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the potential risk factors.
A total of 175 pathogens isolated from 346 blood specimens. Of these, 60% Gram-negative bacteria, 30.86% Gram-positive bacteria and 9.14% fungal isolates were identified. Burkholderia cepacia and Coagulase negative staphylococcus were the predominant pathogen among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respectively. Among fungus, Candida krusei (56.25%) was the most predominant isolate. The highest proportions of antibacterial resistance were observed among 3rd generation cephalosporin and penicillin. Most fungal isolates expressed resistance to fluconazole. Sex (P = 0.007), age (P < 0.001) and use of invasive medical devices (P = 0.003) were identified as risk factors for bacterial blood stream infections.
The study showed high prevalence of blood stream infection was due to B. cepacia and non-C. albicans spp. This finding alarming ongoing investigation of blood stream infection is important for recognizing future potential preventive strategies including environmental hygiene and management of comorbid medical diseases to reduce the problem.
血流感染是一种严重的感染，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的多个国家通常会导致住院时间延长、发病率和死亡率上升。本研究旨在确定血流感染的细菌和真菌谱、耐药模式以及相关的危险因素。
2020 年 2 月 23 日至 6 月 23 日，在埃塞俄比亚公共卫生机构进行了一项横断面研究设计。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学因素和临床状况的数据。使用标准微生物学技术分析血样。使用 Kirby-Bauer 圆盘扩散技术和 Vitek compact 2 进行抗菌药敏试验。使用简单和多重逻辑回归评估潜在的危险因素。
从 346 份血样中分离出 175 种病原体。其中，60%为革兰氏阴性菌，30.86%为革兰氏阳性菌，9.14%为真菌分离株。洋葱伯克霍尔德菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分别是革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌中的主要病原体。在真菌中，光滑念珠菌（56.25%）是最主要的分离株。第三代头孢菌素和青霉素的抗菌耐药率最高。大多数真菌分离株对氟康唑表现出耐药性。性别（P=0.007）、年龄（P<0.001）和使用侵入性医疗器械（P=0.003）被确定为细菌血流感染的危险因素。
研究表明，血流感染的高发是由于 B. cepacia 和非 C. albicans spp. 引起的。这一发现令人警惕，需要对血流感染进行持续调查，以确定未来潜在的预防策略，包括环境卫生和管理合并症等，以减少这一问题。
