Lutz Mariane, Arancibia Marcelo, Papuzinski Cristian, Stojanova Jana
Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2022 Jan-Feb;57(1):33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.08.003. Epub 2021 Nov 26.
Aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, alters the viral immune response in the elderly, especially when frailty exists. Research findings have demonstrated an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, reduced production and diversification of T lymphocytes, and an alteration in immunovigilance and antibody synthesis. In this context, nutrition has a role in combating sarcopenia and frailty. Some food components that contribute to immune-competence are protein, vitamin D, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E), zinc, selenium and iron. In times of a pandemic, nutritional recommendations for immune-competence in the elderly should be based on clinical studies. In this article, immunosenescence and its relationship to nutrition are addressed, including interventions studied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
免疫系统的衰老，即免疫衰老，会改变老年人的病毒免疫反应，尤其是在存在虚弱状态时。研究结果表明，促炎和抗炎机制失衡、T淋巴细胞的产生和多样性减少，以及免疫监测和抗体合成发生改变。在这种情况下，营养在对抗肌肉减少症和虚弱方面发挥着作用。一些有助于免疫能力的食物成分包括蛋白质、维生素D、n-3脂肪酸、抗氧化维生素（维生素C和E）、锌、硒和铁。在大流行时期，针对老年人免疫能力的营养建议应基于临床研究。本文论述了免疫衰老及其与营养的关系，包括在新冠疫情背景下所研究的干预措施。
