Heinrich Andreas J, Oliver William D, Vandersypen Lieven M K, Ardavan Arzhang, Sessoli Roberta, Loss Daniel, Jayich Ania Bleszynski, Fernandez-Rossier Joaquin, Laucht Arne, Morello Andrea
Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
Physics Department, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2021 Dec;16(12):1318-1329. doi: 10.1038/s41565-021-00994-1. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
For the past three decades nanoscience has widely affected many areas in physics, chemistry and engineering, and has led to numerous fundamental discoveries, as well as applications and products. Concurrently, quantum science and technology has developed into a cross-disciplinary research endeavour connecting these same areas and holds burgeoning commercial promise. Although quantum physics dictates the behaviour of nanoscale objects, quantum coherence, which is central to quantum information, communication and sensing, has not played an explicit role in much of nanoscience. This Review describes fundamental principles and practical applications of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area we call quantum-coherent nanoscience. We structure this Review according to specific degrees of freedom that can be quantum-coherently controlled in a given nanoscale system, such as charge, spin, mechanical motion and photons. We review the current state of the art and focus on outstanding challenges and opportunities unlocked by the merging of nanoscience and coherent quantum operations.
在过去三十年中，纳米科学广泛影响了物理、化学和工程学的许多领域，带来了众多重大发现以及应用和产品。与此同时，量子科学技术已发展成为连接这些相同领域的跨学科研究活动，并具有蓬勃发展的商业前景。尽管量子物理决定了纳米级物体的行为，但对于量子信息、通信和传感至关重要的量子相干性，在许多纳米科学领域中并未发挥明确作用。本综述描述了纳米级系统中量子相干性的基本原理和实际应用，这一研究领域我们称之为量子相干纳米科学。我们根据给定纳米级系统中可进行量子相干控制的特定自由度来构建本综述，例如电荷、自旋、机械运动和光子。我们回顾了当前的技术水平，并重点关注纳米科学与相干量子操作融合所带来的突出挑战和机遇。
