State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
Shaanxi Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Jun;37(4):2165-2178. doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03478-9. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Based on the well-known principle of selective photothermolysis, laser has been a promising way for the treatment of port wine stains (PWSs). The laser wavelengths used for PWS's clinical treatment include but are not limited to pulsed dye laser (PDL) in 585-600 nm, long-pulse 755-nm alexandrite, and 1064-nm Nd:YAG lasers. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal wavelength for PWS's laser treatment. A two-scale mathematic model was constructed to simultaneously quantify macroscale laser energy attenuation in two-layered bulk skin and microscale local energy absorption on target blood vessels within Krogh unit. The effects of morphological parameters, including epidermal melanin content, epidermal thickness, dermal blood content, blood vessel depth, and diameter on laser energy deposition within target blood vessels, were investigated from the visible to near-infrared bands (500-1100 nm). The energy deposition ratio of target blood vessel to epidermal surface was proposed to determine the optimal laser wavelength for PWS with different skin morphological parameters. The bioheat transfer modeling and animal experiment are also conducted to prove our wavelength optimization. The optimal wavelengths for lightly pigmented skin with small and shallow target blood vessels are 580-610 nm in the visible band. This wavelength coincides with commercially used PDL. The optimal wavelength shifts to 940 nm as the epidermal pigmentation increases or the size and blood vessel depth increases. The optimal wavelength changes to 1005 nm as the epidermal pigmentation or the size and burying depth of target blood vessel further increases. Nine hundred forty nanometers can be selected as a general wavelength in PWS treatment to meet the need in most widely morphological structure. Lasers with wavelengths in the 580-610, 940, and 1005 nm regions are effective for treating PWS because of their high optical selectivity in blood over the epidermis.
基于选择性光热分解的著名原理，激光已成为治疗葡萄酒色斑（PWS）的一种很有前途的方法。用于 PWS 临床治疗的激光波长包括但不限于 585-600nm 的脉冲染料激光（PDL）、长脉冲 755nm 翠绿宝石激光和 1064nm Nd:YAG 激光。本研究的目的是研究 PWS 激光治疗的最佳波长。构建了一个两尺度数学模型，以同时量化两层体皮中的宏观激光能量衰减和克罗格单位内靶血管的微观局部能量吸收。从可见光到近红外波段（500-1100nm），研究了包括表皮黑色素含量、表皮厚度、真皮血液含量、血管深度和直径在内的形态学参数对靶血管内激光能量沉积的影响。提出了靶血管与表皮表面的能量沉积比，以确定具有不同皮肤形态学参数的 PWS 的最佳激光波长。还进行了生物传热建模和动物实验来验证我们的波长优化。对于浅表皮色素沉着和浅小靶血管的轻度色素沉着皮肤，最佳波长在可见波段为 580-610nm。这个波长与商业上使用的 PDL 吻合。随着表皮色素沉着增加或尺寸和血管深度增加，最佳波长向 940nm 转移。随着表皮色素沉着或靶血管的尺寸和埋藏深度进一步增加，最佳波长变为 1005nm。940nm 可以作为 PWS 治疗的一般波长选择，以满足大多数广泛形态结构的需要。波长在 580-610nm、940nm 和 1005nm 区域的激光由于其在血液中的高光学选择性，对治疗 PWS 是有效的。
