Shiravi Amir Abbas, Ardekani Ali, Sheikhbahaei Erfan, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahān, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Cardiol Ther. 2022 Mar;11(1):13-21. doi: 10.1007/s40119-021-00248-0. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the deadly disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached pandemic proportions. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19, although many vaccines have been developed. The World Health Organization has approved the safety and efficacy of the AstraZeneca/Oxford, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen (JnJ), Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac vaccines so far. The approved formulations of AstraZeneca, JnJ, and Gam-COVID-vac (Sputnik V) contain DNA delivered within non-replicating recombinant adenovirus vector-based systems, while the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines utilize mRNA technology and lipid nanoparticle delivery systems. All of these vaccines encode production of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, ultimately triggering immunity in the human body. COVID-19 causes several cardiovascular complications, such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, and venous thromboembolism. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with rare, but sometimes fatal, cardiovascular side effects, which are the topics of this review. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in general may cause thromboembolic events, such as cerebral vein thrombosis, and mRNA-based vaccines in particular may cause myocarditis/pericarditis, with the latter more likely to occur in younger adults after the second vaccination dose. Nevertheless, the advantages of these vaccines for ending the pandemic and/or decreasing the mortality rate outweigh any risk for the rare cardiovascular complications.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是导致名为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的致命疾病的病原体，该疾病已蔓延至全球大流行程度。目前，尽管已经研发出许多疫苗，但对于COVID-19尚无确切的治疗方法。世界卫生组织已批准了阿斯利康/牛津、强生/杨森、莫德纳、辉瑞/ BioNTech、国药集团和科兴疫苗的安全性和有效性。阿斯利康、强生和加马列亚疫苗（卫星V）的获批制剂包含在基于非复制重组腺病毒载体的系统中递送的DNA，而辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗则采用mRNA技术和脂质纳米颗粒递送系统。所有这些疫苗都编码SARS-CoV-2刺突（S）蛋白的产生，最终在人体中触发免疫反应。COVID-19会引发多种心血管并发症，如心律失常、心肌炎、心包炎和静脉血栓栓塞。SARS-CoV-2疫苗与罕见但有时致命的心血管副作用有关，这是本综述的主题。一般而言，SARS-CoV-2疫苗可能会导致血栓栓塞事件，如脑静脉血栓形成，特别是基于mRNA的疫苗可能会导致心肌炎/心包炎，后者在年轻人第二次接种疫苗后更易发生。然而，这些疫苗对于结束大流行和/或降低死亡率的益处超过了罕见心血管并发症的任何风险。
