Cloning and Sequencing of Viroids.

Determining the sequence identity of viroid RNAs present in symptomatic or asymptomatic plant tissues is critical to obtain knowledge of their distribution. It enables the development of tools for diagnostics and for studying the basic biology of viroids. With the advent of cDNA-based methods for cloning RNAs and cloning strategies that do not require prior knowledge of the viroid sequence, characterization of several newly discovered viroids has rapidly expanded our knowledge of these unusual pathogenic RNAs. This chapter describes two methods, using random primers or viroid-specific primers, to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of viroid RNAs for subsequent cloning and sequence analysis.