Rafii M, Firooznia H, Golimbu C, Minkoff J, Bonamo J
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986 Feb;146(2):361-7. doi: 10.2214/ajr.146.2.361.
The capsular mechanism of the shoulder joint consists of the joint capsule, which is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligaments and the rotator cuff, the glenoid labrum, and a variable number of synovial recesses. Although the fibrous capsule is a lax structure, the normal function of the capsular mechanism makes it an effective barrier against anterior dislocation, particularly in external rotation. There has been a tendency in the past to overestimate the role of the glenoid labrum in stability of the shoulder joint. In patients with instability, the significance of the capsular attachment or its anomalous insertions to the glenoid has not been adequately recognized. Labral tears may develop as secondary lesions due to repeated dislocations and subluxations rather than representing the primary lesion responsible for instability. Operative visualization of capsular defects or detachments is often difficult. Prior knowledge of these lesions can effectively help the choice of an appropriate surgical procedure and reduce operating time. The results of computed tomographic (CT) arthrography of the shoulder joint in 45 patients are reported and the normal and pathologic variations of the joint capsule and particularly the capsular insertions are described. Configuration of the joint recesses and the glenoid labrum are also evaluated. These CT findings were correlated and verified by surgery or arthroscopy in 26 cases.
肩关节的关节囊结构由关节囊组成，关节囊由肱盂韧带和肩袖、盂唇以及数量不等的滑膜隐窝加强。尽管纤维囊是一种松弛的结构，但关节囊结构的正常功能使其成为防止前脱位的有效屏障，尤其是在肩关节外旋时。过去曾有过高估计盂唇在肩关节稳定性中作用的倾向。在不稳定患者中，关节囊附着或其在盂上的异常附着的意义尚未得到充分认识。盂唇撕裂可能是反复脱位和半脱位导致的继发性病变，而非导致不稳定的原发性病变。手术中观察关节囊缺损或分离往往很困难。对这些病变的预先了解可有效帮助选择合适的手术方法并缩短手术时间。本文报告了45例患者肩关节计算机断层扫描（CT）关节造影的结果，并描述了关节囊尤其是关节囊附着处的正常和病理变异。还评估了关节隐窝和盂唇的形态。26例患者的这些CT表现通过手术或关节镜检查进行了对照和验证。
