Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2021;23(1):3-13.
The objective of this study was to analyze the muscle force distribution and lower limb joint loading during two types of pirouettes and check which muscle in which pirouette generates the highest force and which joint is the most loaded.
Skilled dancers (n = 16) performed single-turn pirouettes in jazz and classic styles. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using the Vicon system and Kistler plates. The joint reaction forces and muscle forces were calculated using a musculoskeletal model in the AnyBody Modeling System.
No statistically significant differences were found for the duration of the turn in both pirouettes. The range of motion in all joints of supporting leg in sagittal plane and in hip joint in frontal plane for non-supporting leg were significantly higher in classic pirouette. The ankle joint was the most loaded joint in both pirouettes and its maximal value was significantly higher in classic pirouette. The force generated by ankle plantar flexors muscles was significantly greater in the jazz pirouette in turn phase. For the nonsupport limb, external hip rotators generated significantly greater force when performing the classic pirouette.
It seems that early stage dancers may start their lessons with jazz pirouettes, where necessary joint mobility is lesser. They also are supposed to increase muscle strength and body awareness with such proceedings. A better awareness of the mechanical loads on the musculoskeletal system which a dancer performing pirouettes faces should have an impact on the way dance classes are conducted and choreographic elements are sequenced.
本研究旨在分析两种旋转动作中的肌肉力量分布和下肢关节负荷，并检查哪种肌肉在哪种旋转动作中产生的力量最大，哪个关节的负荷最大。
专业舞者（n=16）以爵士和古典风格表演单足旋转。使用 Vicon 系统和 Kistler 平板采集运动学和动力学数据。使用 AnyBody 建模系统中的肌肉骨骼模型计算关节反作用力和肌肉力量。
两种旋转动作的旋转持续时间均无统计学差异。在经典旋转中，支撑腿所有关节在矢状面的运动范围和非支撑腿在额状面的髋关节运动范围均显著较高。踝关节是两种旋转中负荷最大的关节，其最大负荷值在经典旋转中显著较高。在旋转阶段，踝关节跖屈肌产生的力在爵士旋转中明显更大。对于非支撑腿，在进行经典旋转时，髋关节外部旋转肌产生的力明显更大。
似乎初学者可以先从爵士旋转开始学习，因为这种旋转动作所需的关节灵活性较小。他们还应该通过这些练习来增强肌肉力量和身体意识。更好地了解舞者在进行旋转动作时面临的骨骼肌肉系统的机械负荷，应该会影响舞蹈课的教学方式和编舞元素的编排。
