Roberts N J, Prill A H, Mann T N
J Exp Med. 1986 Mar 1;163(3):511-9. doi: 10.1084/jem.163.3.511.
Respiratory viral infections are commonly associated with altered immune responses, such as proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. To examine potential mechanisms, we examined production of IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors by purified human peripheral blood-derived macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor activities in supernatant fluids from macrophages exposed to the viruses 24 h previously were measured using the standard mouse thymocyte comitogen assay. Crude fluids from macrophages exposed to influenza virus contained substantial IL-1 activity, whereas crude fluids from macrophages exposed to RSV contained marked IL-1 inhibitor activity. Assays with gel filtration-separated fractions revealed that both influenza virus and RSV induced production of both IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors. Neither IL-2 nor IL-2 inhibitor activities were detected. Thus, effects of human macrophage-derived factors on thymocyte proliferation, or potentially on human lymphocyte proliferation, may reflect the total or net activity of multiple composite factors, the balance of which varies according to the challenge. The data raise the possibility that marked production of IL-1 inhibitor activity in response to RSV plays a role in the clinical recurrence of RSV infection despite the absence of clear evidence for antigenic shift or drift of the virus.
呼吸道病毒感染通常与免疫反应改变有关，如对丝裂原和抗原的增殖反应。为了研究潜在机制，我们检测了暴露于流感病毒或呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）的纯化人外周血来源巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素-1（IL-1）和IL-1抑制剂的情况。使用标准小鼠胸腺细胞有丝分裂原试验测量24小时前暴露于病毒的巨噬细胞上清液中的IL-1和IL-1抑制剂活性。暴露于流感病毒的巨噬细胞的粗提液含有大量IL-1活性，而暴露于RSV的巨噬细胞的粗提液含有显著的IL-1抑制剂活性。凝胶过滤分离组分的试验表明，流感病毒和RSV均诱导IL-1和IL-1抑制剂的产生。未检测到IL-2或IL-2抑制剂活性。因此，人巨噬细胞衍生因子对胸腺细胞增殖或可能对人淋巴细胞增殖的影响，可能反映了多种复合因子的总活性或净活性，其平衡根据刺激因素而变化。这些数据提出了一种可能性，即尽管没有明确证据表明RSV发生抗原转变或漂移，但对RSV产生的显著IL-1抑制剂活性在RSV感染的临床复发中起作用。
